Exam 5 BIOL 2160 Crousillac Test
Questions and Correct Answers.
Kidneys - Answer main functions:
-primarily responsible for maintaining stability of ECF volume, electrolyte composition, and
osmolarity
-main route for eliminating potentially toxic metabolic wastes and foreign compounds from the
body
main organs of urinary system
goal: to make perfect blood, not worried about urine
Kidney Functions - Answer maintain H2O balance in the body
maintain proper osmolarity of body fluids, primarily through regulating H2O balance
regulate the quantity and concentration of most ECF ions
maintain proper plasma volume
help maintain proper acid-base balance in the body
excreting (eliminating) the end products (wastes) of bodily metabolism
if the kidneys aren't functioning, you'll be dehydrated
water leaves blood, blood gets thick
Urinary System - Answer consists of
-urine forming organs (kidneys)
-structures that carry urine from the kidneys to the outside for elimination from the body
(ureters, urinary bladder, urethra)
Ureters - Answer smooth muscle-walled duct
exit each bladder and carry urine to the urinary bladder
hollow tubes that carry urine out of kidneys
Urinary Bladder - Answer temporarily stores urine
hollow, flexible, smooth muscle-walled sac
periodically empties to the outside of body through urethra
Urethra - Answer conveys urine to the outside of body
females: straight and short
, males: much longer and follows curving course from bladder to outside; dual function: provides
route for eliminating urine from bladder, passageway for semen from reproductive organs
Nephron - Answer kidney made up of millions of these
back and forth movement of urine and blood
Vascular Component of Nephron - Answer dominant part is the glomerulus
-ball of capillaries (leaky)
-water and solutes are filtered through glomerulus immediately as blood basses through it
-blood supply initially enters the nephron
Tubular Component of Nephron - Answer hollow, fluid-filled tube formed by a single layer of
epithelial cells (leaky and thin)
components:
-bowman's capsule
-proximal tubule
-loop of henle (descending and ascending limbs)
-distal tubule
-collecting duct/tubule
Basic Renal Processes - Answer glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion,
concentration
urine results from these four processes
Glomerular Filtration - Answer fluid filtered from the glomerulus into Bowman's capsule pass
through 3 layers of the glomerular membrane
during this step, almost everything that can be removed from the blood is removed.
filtrate, which will become urine, is formed in this process
blood removed, only water left
Tubular Reabsorption - Answer involves the transfer of substances from tubular lumen into
peritubular capillaries
highly selective and variable process
involves trans-epithelial transport
reabsorbed substance must cross 5 barriers
-must leave tubular fluid by crossing luminal membrane of tubular cell
Questions and Correct Answers.
Kidneys - Answer main functions:
-primarily responsible for maintaining stability of ECF volume, electrolyte composition, and
osmolarity
-main route for eliminating potentially toxic metabolic wastes and foreign compounds from the
body
main organs of urinary system
goal: to make perfect blood, not worried about urine
Kidney Functions - Answer maintain H2O balance in the body
maintain proper osmolarity of body fluids, primarily through regulating H2O balance
regulate the quantity and concentration of most ECF ions
maintain proper plasma volume
help maintain proper acid-base balance in the body
excreting (eliminating) the end products (wastes) of bodily metabolism
if the kidneys aren't functioning, you'll be dehydrated
water leaves blood, blood gets thick
Urinary System - Answer consists of
-urine forming organs (kidneys)
-structures that carry urine from the kidneys to the outside for elimination from the body
(ureters, urinary bladder, urethra)
Ureters - Answer smooth muscle-walled duct
exit each bladder and carry urine to the urinary bladder
hollow tubes that carry urine out of kidneys
Urinary Bladder - Answer temporarily stores urine
hollow, flexible, smooth muscle-walled sac
periodically empties to the outside of body through urethra
Urethra - Answer conveys urine to the outside of body
females: straight and short
, males: much longer and follows curving course from bladder to outside; dual function: provides
route for eliminating urine from bladder, passageway for semen from reproductive organs
Nephron - Answer kidney made up of millions of these
back and forth movement of urine and blood
Vascular Component of Nephron - Answer dominant part is the glomerulus
-ball of capillaries (leaky)
-water and solutes are filtered through glomerulus immediately as blood basses through it
-blood supply initially enters the nephron
Tubular Component of Nephron - Answer hollow, fluid-filled tube formed by a single layer of
epithelial cells (leaky and thin)
components:
-bowman's capsule
-proximal tubule
-loop of henle (descending and ascending limbs)
-distal tubule
-collecting duct/tubule
Basic Renal Processes - Answer glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion,
concentration
urine results from these four processes
Glomerular Filtration - Answer fluid filtered from the glomerulus into Bowman's capsule pass
through 3 layers of the glomerular membrane
during this step, almost everything that can be removed from the blood is removed.
filtrate, which will become urine, is formed in this process
blood removed, only water left
Tubular Reabsorption - Answer involves the transfer of substances from tubular lumen into
peritubular capillaries
highly selective and variable process
involves trans-epithelial transport
reabsorbed substance must cross 5 barriers
-must leave tubular fluid by crossing luminal membrane of tubular cell
