BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 14TH EDITION
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED SOLUTIONS COMPLETE GUIDE
◉ Neuropsychology. Answer: - Understanding how the brain and
nervous system impact on cognition and behaviour
- Looks at when there has been damage to the brain (injury, surgery,
disease, stroke, and tumours)
◉ Cognitive Neuroscience. Answer: - Understanding how complex
mental phenomena (perception, memory, language, emotion) are
implemented in the brain
- Using technological advancements (fMRI, EEG, brain stimulation
using TMS, anechoic chambers, eye trackers, cranial psychometric
testing) to study the relationship between brain activity and
cognition in humans, other animals, and robotics
◉ Nervous System Division. Answer: - Central Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System
◉ Central Nervous System Components. Answer: - Brain
- Spinal Cord
,◉ Peripheral Nervous System Components. Answer: - All other
nerves
◉ Peripheral Nervous System Pathways. Answer: - Motor Pathway-
CNS to brain
- Sensory Pathway- sensory information to brain
◉ Protection of the Brain. Answer: - Skull
- Meninges
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- Blood-brain barrier
◉ Protection of the Spinal Cord. Answer: - Vertical Column
◉ Three Main Structures in the Brain. Answer: - Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Brain Stem- midbrain/ mesencephalon, and pons, medulla in
hindbrain/ rhombencephalon
◉ Contralateral. Answer: On the opposite side of the body
◉ Ipsilateral. Answer: On the same side of the body
,◉ How much of the blood from the heart go to the brain?. Answer:
20%
◉ What occurs in no blood goes to the brain?. Answer: You become
unconscious
◉ Causes of stroke. Answer: - Brain bleeding
- Blockage to brain
Brain cells not receiving oxygen so cells die
◉ Anatomical Directions. Answer: - Dorsal/ Superior- Top of brain
(dorsal fin on top)
- Inferior/ Ventral- Bottom of brain
- Anterior/ Rostral- Front of brain (beak, nostral)
- Posterior/ Caudal- Bottom of brain (tail)
- Medial- Towards middle
- Lateral- Towards side
◉ Dorsal/ Superior. Answer: - Top of brain
◉ Inferior/ Ventral. Answer: - Bottom of brain
, ◉ Anterior/ Rostral. Answer: - Front of brain
◉ Posterior/ Caudal. Answer: - Back of brain
◉ Medial. Answer: - Towards the midline
◉ Lateral. Answer: - Away from the midline
◉ 3 Planes of View. Answer: - Frontal/ Coronal- slice from forehead
- Sagittal- slice from side
- Horizontal- slice from ground
◉ Frontal/ Coronal Plane. Answer: Section parallel to forehead
◉ Sagittal Plane. Answer: Section separating left and right
◉ Horizontal Plane. Answer: Section parallel to the horizon
◉ Types of Matter. Answer: - Grey matter- contains cell bodies and
dendrites e.g. cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus
- White matter- contains myelinated axons e.g. corpus callosum
EXAM SCRIPT 2026 QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED SOLUTIONS COMPLETE GUIDE
◉ Neuropsychology. Answer: - Understanding how the brain and
nervous system impact on cognition and behaviour
- Looks at when there has been damage to the brain (injury, surgery,
disease, stroke, and tumours)
◉ Cognitive Neuroscience. Answer: - Understanding how complex
mental phenomena (perception, memory, language, emotion) are
implemented in the brain
- Using technological advancements (fMRI, EEG, brain stimulation
using TMS, anechoic chambers, eye trackers, cranial psychometric
testing) to study the relationship between brain activity and
cognition in humans, other animals, and robotics
◉ Nervous System Division. Answer: - Central Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System
◉ Central Nervous System Components. Answer: - Brain
- Spinal Cord
,◉ Peripheral Nervous System Components. Answer: - All other
nerves
◉ Peripheral Nervous System Pathways. Answer: - Motor Pathway-
CNS to brain
- Sensory Pathway- sensory information to brain
◉ Protection of the Brain. Answer: - Skull
- Meninges
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- Blood-brain barrier
◉ Protection of the Spinal Cord. Answer: - Vertical Column
◉ Three Main Structures in the Brain. Answer: - Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Brain Stem- midbrain/ mesencephalon, and pons, medulla in
hindbrain/ rhombencephalon
◉ Contralateral. Answer: On the opposite side of the body
◉ Ipsilateral. Answer: On the same side of the body
,◉ How much of the blood from the heart go to the brain?. Answer:
20%
◉ What occurs in no blood goes to the brain?. Answer: You become
unconscious
◉ Causes of stroke. Answer: - Brain bleeding
- Blockage to brain
Brain cells not receiving oxygen so cells die
◉ Anatomical Directions. Answer: - Dorsal/ Superior- Top of brain
(dorsal fin on top)
- Inferior/ Ventral- Bottom of brain
- Anterior/ Rostral- Front of brain (beak, nostral)
- Posterior/ Caudal- Bottom of brain (tail)
- Medial- Towards middle
- Lateral- Towards side
◉ Dorsal/ Superior. Answer: - Top of brain
◉ Inferior/ Ventral. Answer: - Bottom of brain
, ◉ Anterior/ Rostral. Answer: - Front of brain
◉ Posterior/ Caudal. Answer: - Back of brain
◉ Medial. Answer: - Towards the midline
◉ Lateral. Answer: - Away from the midline
◉ 3 Planes of View. Answer: - Frontal/ Coronal- slice from forehead
- Sagittal- slice from side
- Horizontal- slice from ground
◉ Frontal/ Coronal Plane. Answer: Section parallel to forehead
◉ Sagittal Plane. Answer: Section separating left and right
◉ Horizontal Plane. Answer: Section parallel to the horizon
◉ Types of Matter. Answer: - Grey matter- contains cell bodies and
dendrites e.g. cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus
- White matter- contains myelinated axons e.g. corpus callosum
