BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 14TH EDITION
TEST BANK 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Describe fMRI scans. Answer: Functional Magnetic Resonance
Imaging.
A magnetic field causes oxygen in the brain to align, and the oxygen
is shown on a computer screen as 'voxels'. More active areas have
more oxygenated haemoglobin for respiring tissues.
Used to detect diseased tissue, monitor tumours and observe brain
function.
◉ Evaluate fMRI scans. Answer: Advantages:
Shows brain function.
Non-invasive.
Low risk.
No radiation.
Produces images from every angle.
Disadvantages:
Expensive.
Any movement from patient can distort readings.
Cannot distinguish between tumour types.
,Claustrophobic.
Readings susceptible to non-neural changes.
◉ Describe CAT scans. Answer: Computerised Axial Tomography.
X-rays used to create a detailed image of brain sructure, which can
be layered together to produce a 3D image.
Used to detect infraction, tumour, haemorrhage and trauma etc.
◉ Evaluate CAT scans. Answer: Advantages:
Provides detailed images of structure.
Non-invasive.
Disadvantages:
Radiation risk.
Needs a 7 hour fast.
Specialist required.
Any movement from patient can distort reading.
◉ Describe PET scans. Answer: Positron Emission Tomography.
Used to show images of funtion and structure, as radioactive tracer
(FDG) is injected which attaches to glucose and shows the most
active areas of the brain, as respiring tissues use more glucose.
,◉ Evaluate PET scans. Answer: Advantages:
Shows brain structure and function,
(Relatively) non-invasive.
Disadvantages:
Injection required.
Radioactive tracer used.
Claustrophobic.
Risk to foetus for pregnant women.
◉ Define: Neuron Answer: A specialised cell for transmitting
electrical nerve impulses.
◉ Label a neuron. Answer: A: Dendrite.
B: Cell Body.
C: Axon.
D: Axon Terminal.
E: Schwann Cell.
F: Myelin Sheath.
G: Nodes of Ranvier.
◉ How to neurons work? Answer: Neurons recieve electrical
impulses in the dendrites from other cells.
, A differentiation in ion voltage causes a wave of action potential to
travel down the axon, insulated by the myelin sheath to the axon
terminal.
The action potential causes neurotransmitters to be released into
the synaptic cleft by the axon terminal.
◉ Define: Neurotransmitters Answer: A chemical that is stored in
the axon terminal in vesicles, and is transmitted across the synaptic
cleft, transferring messages from neuron to neuron.
EG Serotonin, Dopamine, GABA.
◉ Define: Synapse Answer: A junction between two neurons, where
impulses are passed along by neurotransmitters.
◉ Label a synapse. Answer: Axon Terminal.
Vesicles containing neurotransmitter.
Synaptic cleft.
Neurotransmitter.
Receptor.
Dendrite.
◉ How to synapses work? Answer: Wave of action potential arrives
at axon terminal, and this stimulates the vesicles to undergo
exocytosis and release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft,
TEST BANK 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Describe fMRI scans. Answer: Functional Magnetic Resonance
Imaging.
A magnetic field causes oxygen in the brain to align, and the oxygen
is shown on a computer screen as 'voxels'. More active areas have
more oxygenated haemoglobin for respiring tissues.
Used to detect diseased tissue, monitor tumours and observe brain
function.
◉ Evaluate fMRI scans. Answer: Advantages:
Shows brain function.
Non-invasive.
Low risk.
No radiation.
Produces images from every angle.
Disadvantages:
Expensive.
Any movement from patient can distort readings.
Cannot distinguish between tumour types.
,Claustrophobic.
Readings susceptible to non-neural changes.
◉ Describe CAT scans. Answer: Computerised Axial Tomography.
X-rays used to create a detailed image of brain sructure, which can
be layered together to produce a 3D image.
Used to detect infraction, tumour, haemorrhage and trauma etc.
◉ Evaluate CAT scans. Answer: Advantages:
Provides detailed images of structure.
Non-invasive.
Disadvantages:
Radiation risk.
Needs a 7 hour fast.
Specialist required.
Any movement from patient can distort reading.
◉ Describe PET scans. Answer: Positron Emission Tomography.
Used to show images of funtion and structure, as radioactive tracer
(FDG) is injected which attaches to glucose and shows the most
active areas of the brain, as respiring tissues use more glucose.
,◉ Evaluate PET scans. Answer: Advantages:
Shows brain structure and function,
(Relatively) non-invasive.
Disadvantages:
Injection required.
Radioactive tracer used.
Claustrophobic.
Risk to foetus for pregnant women.
◉ Define: Neuron Answer: A specialised cell for transmitting
electrical nerve impulses.
◉ Label a neuron. Answer: A: Dendrite.
B: Cell Body.
C: Axon.
D: Axon Terminal.
E: Schwann Cell.
F: Myelin Sheath.
G: Nodes of Ranvier.
◉ How to neurons work? Answer: Neurons recieve electrical
impulses in the dendrites from other cells.
, A differentiation in ion voltage causes a wave of action potential to
travel down the axon, insulated by the myelin sheath to the axon
terminal.
The action potential causes neurotransmitters to be released into
the synaptic cleft by the axon terminal.
◉ Define: Neurotransmitters Answer: A chemical that is stored in
the axon terminal in vesicles, and is transmitted across the synaptic
cleft, transferring messages from neuron to neuron.
EG Serotonin, Dopamine, GABA.
◉ Define: Synapse Answer: A junction between two neurons, where
impulses are passed along by neurotransmitters.
◉ Label a synapse. Answer: Axon Terminal.
Vesicles containing neurotransmitter.
Synaptic cleft.
Neurotransmitter.
Receptor.
Dendrite.
◉ How to synapses work? Answer: Wave of action potential arrives
at axon terminal, and this stimulates the vesicles to undergo
exocytosis and release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft,
