BIOLOGY 1108 LATEST 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔Halophytes - ✔✔Plants that live in highly saline (salty) soil
✔✔Normal Rainwater pH - ✔✔pH 5.6 --- Slightly acidic due to Carbonic Acid formation
from CO2
- Normally kills fish and other species
✔✔Climate - ✔✔Prevailing weather pattern in a region.
Determines the occurrence of different biomes --- major community types.
✔✔Atmospheric Circulation - ✔✔- Driven by global temperature differentials
- Differences in in temperature occur due to latitudinal variations in solar radiation
✔✔George Hadley - ✔✔Proposed model based on one large convection cells in each
hemisphere.
✔✔Coriolis Effect - ✔✔Adds the effect of the Earth's rotation (to George Hadley's idea),
deflecting surface flow westward.
✔✔Hadley Cell - ✔✔A large-scale atmospheric convection cell in which air rises at the
equator and sinks at medium latitudes.
✔✔Ferrel Cell - ✔✔Located between the Hadley and Polar Cell, characterized by
midlatitude westerlies.
✔✔Polar Cell - ✔✔Air current that lies in the polar regions.
✔✔Adiabatic Cooling - ✔✔Increasing elevation drops the temperature 10 degrees
Celsius for every 1000 meters.
✔✔Rain Shadow - ✔✔Precipitation occurs on the windward side of the mountain, while
the leeward side receives dry air.
✔✔Windward - ✔✔Facing the wind and sea
Gets precipitation
✔✔Leeward - ✔✔Facing away from the wind
Gets dry air
✔✔Sea breezes - ✔✔Cool, daytime breezes in coastal areas
, ✔✔Offshore Breezes - ✔✔The Land cools quicker than the sea at night and cool air
comes from the land.
✔✔Population - ✔✔Group of interbreeding individuals occupying the same habitat at
the same time
✔✔Population Size (N) - ✔✔The total number of individuals
✔✔Population Density - ✔✔The number of individuals within a specific area or volume
✔✔Demography - ✔✔The statistical study of population changes over time
✔✔Methods for Estimating Population Density - ✔✔Simple Visual Count
Capture Methods (Animals may learn to avoid traps or be attracted to food-baited traps)
✔✔Quadrat - ✔✔50cm x 50 cm square
✔✔Line Transect - ✔✔100m String, Good for Trees
✔✔Clumped Dispersion - ✔✔Most Common
Resources tend to be clustered in nature
Social behavior may promote this pattern
Elephants
✔✔Uniform Dispersion - ✔✔Competition may cause this pattern
May result from social interactions
Territorial Birds (Penguins)
✔✔Random Dispersion - ✔✔Rarest
Resources rarely randomly spaced in nature
May occur where resources are common and abundant
Dandelions
✔✔Survivorship - ✔✔Curve that shows the distribution of individuals in a population
according to age
✔✔Type I Survivorship Curve - ✔✔Humans & most mammals where death primarily
occurs in the older years
✔✔Type II Survivorship Curve - ✔✔In birds, death at any age is equally probable
✔✔Type III Survivorship Curve - ✔✔Trees rarely survive the younger years, but after a
certain age, individuals are much more likely to survive
ANSWERS MARKED A+
✔✔Halophytes - ✔✔Plants that live in highly saline (salty) soil
✔✔Normal Rainwater pH - ✔✔pH 5.6 --- Slightly acidic due to Carbonic Acid formation
from CO2
- Normally kills fish and other species
✔✔Climate - ✔✔Prevailing weather pattern in a region.
Determines the occurrence of different biomes --- major community types.
✔✔Atmospheric Circulation - ✔✔- Driven by global temperature differentials
- Differences in in temperature occur due to latitudinal variations in solar radiation
✔✔George Hadley - ✔✔Proposed model based on one large convection cells in each
hemisphere.
✔✔Coriolis Effect - ✔✔Adds the effect of the Earth's rotation (to George Hadley's idea),
deflecting surface flow westward.
✔✔Hadley Cell - ✔✔A large-scale atmospheric convection cell in which air rises at the
equator and sinks at medium latitudes.
✔✔Ferrel Cell - ✔✔Located between the Hadley and Polar Cell, characterized by
midlatitude westerlies.
✔✔Polar Cell - ✔✔Air current that lies in the polar regions.
✔✔Adiabatic Cooling - ✔✔Increasing elevation drops the temperature 10 degrees
Celsius for every 1000 meters.
✔✔Rain Shadow - ✔✔Precipitation occurs on the windward side of the mountain, while
the leeward side receives dry air.
✔✔Windward - ✔✔Facing the wind and sea
Gets precipitation
✔✔Leeward - ✔✔Facing away from the wind
Gets dry air
✔✔Sea breezes - ✔✔Cool, daytime breezes in coastal areas
, ✔✔Offshore Breezes - ✔✔The Land cools quicker than the sea at night and cool air
comes from the land.
✔✔Population - ✔✔Group of interbreeding individuals occupying the same habitat at
the same time
✔✔Population Size (N) - ✔✔The total number of individuals
✔✔Population Density - ✔✔The number of individuals within a specific area or volume
✔✔Demography - ✔✔The statistical study of population changes over time
✔✔Methods for Estimating Population Density - ✔✔Simple Visual Count
Capture Methods (Animals may learn to avoid traps or be attracted to food-baited traps)
✔✔Quadrat - ✔✔50cm x 50 cm square
✔✔Line Transect - ✔✔100m String, Good for Trees
✔✔Clumped Dispersion - ✔✔Most Common
Resources tend to be clustered in nature
Social behavior may promote this pattern
Elephants
✔✔Uniform Dispersion - ✔✔Competition may cause this pattern
May result from social interactions
Territorial Birds (Penguins)
✔✔Random Dispersion - ✔✔Rarest
Resources rarely randomly spaced in nature
May occur where resources are common and abundant
Dandelions
✔✔Survivorship - ✔✔Curve that shows the distribution of individuals in a population
according to age
✔✔Type I Survivorship Curve - ✔✔Humans & most mammals where death primarily
occurs in the older years
✔✔Type II Survivorship Curve - ✔✔In birds, death at any age is equally probable
✔✔Type III Survivorship Curve - ✔✔Trees rarely survive the younger years, but after a
certain age, individuals are much more likely to survive
