PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 PRACTICE
SOLUTION FULLY SOLVED EDITION
GRADED A+
⩥ An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not being
able to do what he used to be able to. You know that normal changes
associated with aging include: (Select all that apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity. Answer: B, C, E
⩥ A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical
clinic for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will interpret the
smear will examine cell samples for evidence of:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells. Answer: A
,⩥ The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their
daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines
that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following
blood tests should the care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel. Answer: B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused
on kidney function while D is focused on liver function. Both of these
would be important in the case of lead poisoning BUT the priority
answer is B, because you need first to address the most life-threatening
patient needs. The little girl in this question can go into shock or suffer
permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low.
⩥ A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs
of dry gangrene on the great toe of one foot. Which of the following
pathophysiologic processes most likely contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
,D. Metaplastic cellular changes. Answer: B
Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must have
infection
⩥ Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses by multiple
systems, the most important changes are first activated by which
system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
D. Cardiovascular. Answer: C
⩥ Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-specific fight or flight
response?
A. Decreased pupillary light response
B. Increased GI motility
C. Decreased short-term memory
D. Increased cardiopulmonary rates. Answer: D
, This would fall under physiologic responses to stress!! Slide 25 in your
lecture powerpoint
⩥ Stress-induced cortisol hormone secretion is associated with:
A. Increased growth hormone level
B. Regulation of the stress response
C. Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone
D. Depressed adrenal gland function. Answer: B
You know it's not A because I mentioned in an earlier slide that growth
hormone levels decrease with stress. We didn't mention thyroid-
stimulating hormone as one of the ones associated with the stress
repsonse so you can pretty much assume that's not right. And we know
adrenal function is not depressed because ACTH from the anterior
pituitary stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol.
⩥ Which of the following factors are known to contribute to an
individual's ability to adapt to stress? (Select all that apply.)
A. Ethnicity
B. Age
C. Socioeconomic status
SOLUTION FULLY SOLVED EDITION
GRADED A+
⩥ An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not being
able to do what he used to be able to. You know that normal changes
associated with aging include: (Select all that apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity. Answer: B, C, E
⩥ A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical
clinic for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will interpret the
smear will examine cell samples for evidence of:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells. Answer: A
,⩥ The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their
daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines
that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following
blood tests should the care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel. Answer: B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused
on kidney function while D is focused on liver function. Both of these
would be important in the case of lead poisoning BUT the priority
answer is B, because you need first to address the most life-threatening
patient needs. The little girl in this question can go into shock or suffer
permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low.
⩥ A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs
of dry gangrene on the great toe of one foot. Which of the following
pathophysiologic processes most likely contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
,D. Metaplastic cellular changes. Answer: B
Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must have
infection
⩥ Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses by multiple
systems, the most important changes are first activated by which
system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
D. Cardiovascular. Answer: C
⩥ Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-specific fight or flight
response?
A. Decreased pupillary light response
B. Increased GI motility
C. Decreased short-term memory
D. Increased cardiopulmonary rates. Answer: D
, This would fall under physiologic responses to stress!! Slide 25 in your
lecture powerpoint
⩥ Stress-induced cortisol hormone secretion is associated with:
A. Increased growth hormone level
B. Regulation of the stress response
C. Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone
D. Depressed adrenal gland function. Answer: B
You know it's not A because I mentioned in an earlier slide that growth
hormone levels decrease with stress. We didn't mention thyroid-
stimulating hormone as one of the ones associated with the stress
repsonse so you can pretty much assume that's not right. And we know
adrenal function is not depressed because ACTH from the anterior
pituitary stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol.
⩥ Which of the following factors are known to contribute to an
individual's ability to adapt to stress? (Select all that apply.)
A. Ethnicity
B. Age
C. Socioeconomic status
