PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY TEST SCRIPT 2026
FULL QUESTIONS ACCURATE RESPONSES
CONFIRMED
◉ carrier mediated active transport. Answer: movement by a
transport protein against the concentration gradient
from low to high
requires ATP
◉ lipid soluble drugs. Answer: move across membranes via passive
diffusion - movement down concentration gradient
must be hydrophobic otherwise it will not penetrate. if too
hydrophobic it will stay in membrane
◉ salt forms of drugs. Answer: move/keep drugs in more stable
state
substitute the salt for hydrogen
increases solubility
causes dosing problems becasue salt is heavy
,◉ Ionization depends on two factors:. Answer: acidity
drug ionization characteristics
◉ acidity (pH) effect on drug. Answer: the closer to neutral, the
easier it is to be absorbed
◉ drug ionization characteristics (pKa). Answer: represents the pH
of solution in which 50% of the drug is ionized and 50% is non-
ionized.
-weak acids ionize in more alkaline environment
-weak acids ionize less in acidic environment
◉ a highly charged drug in acidic and basic environments are_______
absorbed in the GI tract and cannot be administered orally. Answer:
poorly
◉ distribution. Answer: circulation of drug to target sites within a
biological system
influenced by extent of blood flow, diffusion of drug out of
circulation to target sites and selective barriers to diffusion
◉ apparent volume (Vd). Answer: describes distribution
characteristics of a drug to the body
, -influenced by lipid solubility
-defined as amount of durg that leaves circulation and enters organs
-defined in liters
◉ Vd = 3. Answer: will distribute to 3L of body fluid, it will stay in
the blood
◉ Vd = 42L. Answer: total body volume is 42 to this will distribute to
whole body
◉ The higher the Vd. Answer: the more likely to go to brain quickly
◉ first phase of distribution. Answer: due to preferential blood flow
to target organ (brain)
-brain receives preferential blood flow
-concentration reduced everytime it passes through liver because it
is degraded
◉ second phase of distribution. Answer: due to drug solubility in
other body tissues
-reduces concentration in blood
-reverses original concentration gradient of brain:blood
FULL QUESTIONS ACCURATE RESPONSES
CONFIRMED
◉ carrier mediated active transport. Answer: movement by a
transport protein against the concentration gradient
from low to high
requires ATP
◉ lipid soluble drugs. Answer: move across membranes via passive
diffusion - movement down concentration gradient
must be hydrophobic otherwise it will not penetrate. if too
hydrophobic it will stay in membrane
◉ salt forms of drugs. Answer: move/keep drugs in more stable
state
substitute the salt for hydrogen
increases solubility
causes dosing problems becasue salt is heavy
,◉ Ionization depends on two factors:. Answer: acidity
drug ionization characteristics
◉ acidity (pH) effect on drug. Answer: the closer to neutral, the
easier it is to be absorbed
◉ drug ionization characteristics (pKa). Answer: represents the pH
of solution in which 50% of the drug is ionized and 50% is non-
ionized.
-weak acids ionize in more alkaline environment
-weak acids ionize less in acidic environment
◉ a highly charged drug in acidic and basic environments are_______
absorbed in the GI tract and cannot be administered orally. Answer:
poorly
◉ distribution. Answer: circulation of drug to target sites within a
biological system
influenced by extent of blood flow, diffusion of drug out of
circulation to target sites and selective barriers to diffusion
◉ apparent volume (Vd). Answer: describes distribution
characteristics of a drug to the body
, -influenced by lipid solubility
-defined as amount of durg that leaves circulation and enters organs
-defined in liters
◉ Vd = 3. Answer: will distribute to 3L of body fluid, it will stay in
the blood
◉ Vd = 42L. Answer: total body volume is 42 to this will distribute to
whole body
◉ The higher the Vd. Answer: the more likely to go to brain quickly
◉ first phase of distribution. Answer: due to preferential blood flow
to target organ (brain)
-brain receives preferential blood flow
-concentration reduced everytime it passes through liver because it
is degraded
◉ second phase of distribution. Answer: due to drug solubility in
other body tissues
-reduces concentration in blood
-reverses original concentration gradient of brain:blood
