NURS 231 PATHOPHYS FINAL
EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026
A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia. correct answer
False
Barrett esophagus
is an example of dysplasia correct answer false
hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused
by an increase in the number of cells correct answer True
Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy correct
answer True
proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the
disease correct answer sensitivity
how likely the same result will occur if repeated correct answer
reliability
how a tool measures what it is intended to measure correct
answer validity
people without the disease who are negative on a given test
correct answer specificity
,Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? correct answer it
includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Which of the following are true of the cell? Select all that apply.
correct answer 1: Proteins carry out the functions of the cell
membrane
2:Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell
3:Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply.
correct answer 1: Controls the transport of materials from the
outside fluids to within
2:Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and
muscle cells
3: Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply.
correct answer 1: They are found far from the site of energy
consumption.
2:They control free radicals.
High blood pressure is an example of which of the following?
correct answer pathophysiology
A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure.
What are these examples of? correct answer signs and
symptoms
,Which of the following is true of a test's sensitivity? correct
answer If negative, it can safely be assumed that the person
does not have a disease
Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the
following? correct answer Etiologic factors
Define tertiary prevention and give an example: correct answer
Tertiary prevention occurs after a disease has been diagnosed
and clinical intervention is needed to reduce complications or
deterioration. One example is the use of certain medications one
must take after a heart attack to help reduce the risk of a future
event or death.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis.
correct answer In dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry
and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes to dark
brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from
a cut off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation
necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and
pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form
on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by
bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of
one type of necrosis. correct answer necrosis is cell death to
an organ or tissue with still being apart of a living person. An
example of this would be luiquefactive necrosis. this is when the
cells die and the catalytic enzymes do not get destroyed after the
cells death. This could cause necrosis
sunburn correct answer radiation injury
, obesity correct answer nutritional imbalances
reactive oxygen species correct answer free radical injury
low oxygen to tissues correct answer hypoxic cell injury
fractures correct answer physical agents
OTC drugs correct answer Chemical injury
hypothermia correct answer physical agents
radiation treatment correct answer radiation injury
lead toxicity correct answer chemical injury
bacteria correct answer biologic agents
List the 4 types of tissue found in the body. Pick 2 and give a
description and example of each. correct answer Epithelial
tissue- covers the body's outer surface, it is avascular and gets its
o2 from the capillaries found in the neighboring connective
tissues, and example of this is simple squamous tissue which
means one layer of thin cells.
Muscular tissue
EXAM WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026
A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia. correct answer
False
Barrett esophagus
is an example of dysplasia correct answer false
hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused
by an increase in the number of cells correct answer True
Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy correct
answer True
proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the
disease correct answer sensitivity
how likely the same result will occur if repeated correct answer
reliability
how a tool measures what it is intended to measure correct
answer validity
people without the disease who are negative on a given test
correct answer specificity
,Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? correct answer it
includes peroxisomes and proteasomes
Which of the following are true of the cell? Select all that apply.
correct answer 1: Proteins carry out the functions of the cell
membrane
2:Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell
3:Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply.
correct answer 1: Controls the transport of materials from the
outside fluids to within
2:Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and
muscle cells
3: Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply.
correct answer 1: They are found far from the site of energy
consumption.
2:They control free radicals.
High blood pressure is an example of which of the following?
correct answer pathophysiology
A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure.
What are these examples of? correct answer signs and
symptoms
,Which of the following is true of a test's sensitivity? correct
answer If negative, it can safely be assumed that the person
does not have a disease
Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the
following? correct answer Etiologic factors
Define tertiary prevention and give an example: correct answer
Tertiary prevention occurs after a disease has been diagnosed
and clinical intervention is needed to reduce complications or
deterioration. One example is the use of certain medications one
must take after a heart attack to help reduce the risk of a future
event or death.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis.
correct answer In dry gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry
and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color changes to dark
brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from
a cut off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation
necrosis. In wet gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and
pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and under tension. Blebs form
on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by
bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of
one type of necrosis. correct answer necrosis is cell death to
an organ or tissue with still being apart of a living person. An
example of this would be luiquefactive necrosis. this is when the
cells die and the catalytic enzymes do not get destroyed after the
cells death. This could cause necrosis
sunburn correct answer radiation injury
, obesity correct answer nutritional imbalances
reactive oxygen species correct answer free radical injury
low oxygen to tissues correct answer hypoxic cell injury
fractures correct answer physical agents
OTC drugs correct answer Chemical injury
hypothermia correct answer physical agents
radiation treatment correct answer radiation injury
lead toxicity correct answer chemical injury
bacteria correct answer biologic agents
List the 4 types of tissue found in the body. Pick 2 and give a
description and example of each. correct answer Epithelial
tissue- covers the body's outer surface, it is avascular and gets its
o2 from the capillaries found in the neighboring connective
tissues, and example of this is simple squamous tissue which
means one layer of thin cells.
Muscular tissue
