PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 1 WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026
Definition of Pathophysiology correct answer defined as not
only the cellular and organ changes that occur with disease, but
also the effects that these changes have on total body function.
5 etiologic factors and an example of each correct answer
Biological: bacteria and viruses
Physical: trauma, burns, and radiation
Chemical: poisons, drugs
One's genetic inheritance
Nutritional excesses or deficiencies
2 types of risk factors correct answer congenital factors
(present at birth) or acquired (occurring after birth)
Difference between morphology and histology correct answer
Morphology - fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues
(includes the gross and microscopic changes)
Histology - study of the cells and extracellular matrix of body
tissues (at the tissue level)
, Signs and symptoms correct answer Signs - objective and can
be seen or measured. Elevated temp, leg edema, and changes in
pupil size.
symptoms - subjective. pain, trouble breathing, dizziness.
3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis? correct
answer Patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic
tests.
Validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity definitions. correct
answer Validity - how a tool measure what it is intended to
measure.
Reliability - likelihood the same result occurring with multiple
testing.
Sensitivity - the proportion of people with a disease who are
positive for that disease.
Specificity - are people without the disease who are negative on a
given test.
Define epidemiology and name some thing that it tracks. correct
answer Epidemiology is the study of disease occurrence in
human populations. It tracks, age, race, dietary habits, lifestyle,
or geographic location.
Difference between incidence and prevalence correct answer
Incidence - the number of new cases in a population
EXAM 1 WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026
Definition of Pathophysiology correct answer defined as not
only the cellular and organ changes that occur with disease, but
also the effects that these changes have on total body function.
5 etiologic factors and an example of each correct answer
Biological: bacteria and viruses
Physical: trauma, burns, and radiation
Chemical: poisons, drugs
One's genetic inheritance
Nutritional excesses or deficiencies
2 types of risk factors correct answer congenital factors
(present at birth) or acquired (occurring after birth)
Difference between morphology and histology correct answer
Morphology - fundamental structure or form of cells or tissues
(includes the gross and microscopic changes)
Histology - study of the cells and extracellular matrix of body
tissues (at the tissue level)
, Signs and symptoms correct answer Signs - objective and can
be seen or measured. Elevated temp, leg edema, and changes in
pupil size.
symptoms - subjective. pain, trouble breathing, dizziness.
3 important processes when coming to a diagnosis? correct
answer Patient history, physical examination, and diagnostic
tests.
Validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity definitions. correct
answer Validity - how a tool measure what it is intended to
measure.
Reliability - likelihood the same result occurring with multiple
testing.
Sensitivity - the proportion of people with a disease who are
positive for that disease.
Specificity - are people without the disease who are negative on a
given test.
Define epidemiology and name some thing that it tracks. correct
answer Epidemiology is the study of disease occurrence in
human populations. It tracks, age, race, dietary habits, lifestyle,
or geographic location.
Difference between incidence and prevalence correct answer
Incidence - the number of new cases in a population
