ONS ONCC COMPREHENSIVE TEST PAPER
2026 COMPLETE ANSWERS ACCURATE
⫸ Alkylating agents exert their effects by:
binding to DNA strands, preventing DNA replication and cell division.
causing the release of toxic free radicals inside the cell, triggering cell
apoptosis.
attaching to CD52 on the surface of B and T cells, resulting in antibody-
dependent lysis.
disrupting folate-dependent metabolic processes essential for cell
replication. Answer: binding to DNA strands, preventing DNA
replication and cell division.
Answer: Alkalyting agents break the DNA helix strand and interfere
with DNA replication.
Reference: Polovich, M., Olsen, M., & LeFebvre, K. (Eds.). (2014).
Chemotherapy and biotherapy guidelines and recommendations for
practice (4th ed.). Pittsburgh, PA: Oncology Nursing Society, p. 27(t).
,⫸ The nurse preparing to instill intravesical mitomycin should wear
which of the following pieces of personal protective equipment?
A plastic face shield
A pair of shoe covers
A front-closing laboratory gown
One pair of powdered nitrile gloves Answer: A plastic face shield
Answer: A plastic face shield should be used when splashing of
hazardous drugs is possible. Intravesical administration carries a risk of
splashing.
Reference: Polovich, M. (2017). Safe handling of hazardous drugs (3rd
ed.). Pittsburgh, PA: Oncology Nursing Society, p. 27.
⫸ Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer is administered:
after primary therapy to increase the chance of long-term, disease-free
survival.
before primary therapy to shrink a tumor that is inoperable in its current
state.
at any time during therapy to cure the patient and kill cancer cells.
, to locally treat cancer with minimal harm to normal cells. Answer: after
primary therapy to increase the chance of long-term, disease-free
survival.
Answer: The goal of adjuvant therapy is to target minimal, residual
disease for patients at high risk of developing metastasis.
Reference: Polovich, M., Olsen, M., & LeFebvre, K. (Eds.). (2014).
Chemotherapy and biotherapy guidelines and recommendations for
practice (4th ed.). Pittsburgh, PA: Oncology Nursing Society, p. 5.
⫸ Hormone therapy is effective for which two types of cancer?
Breast and prostate
Sarcoma and small cell lung
Lymphoma and gallbladder
Liver and chronic myeloid leukemia Answer: Breast and prostate
Answer: Hormone therapy has been successfully used to treat breast and
prostate cancers.
Reference: Eggert, J. (Ed.). (2017). Cancer basics (2nd ed.). Pittsburgh,
PA: Oncology Nursing Society, p. 259.
2026 COMPLETE ANSWERS ACCURATE
⫸ Alkylating agents exert their effects by:
binding to DNA strands, preventing DNA replication and cell division.
causing the release of toxic free radicals inside the cell, triggering cell
apoptosis.
attaching to CD52 on the surface of B and T cells, resulting in antibody-
dependent lysis.
disrupting folate-dependent metabolic processes essential for cell
replication. Answer: binding to DNA strands, preventing DNA
replication and cell division.
Answer: Alkalyting agents break the DNA helix strand and interfere
with DNA replication.
Reference: Polovich, M., Olsen, M., & LeFebvre, K. (Eds.). (2014).
Chemotherapy and biotherapy guidelines and recommendations for
practice (4th ed.). Pittsburgh, PA: Oncology Nursing Society, p. 27(t).
,⫸ The nurse preparing to instill intravesical mitomycin should wear
which of the following pieces of personal protective equipment?
A plastic face shield
A pair of shoe covers
A front-closing laboratory gown
One pair of powdered nitrile gloves Answer: A plastic face shield
Answer: A plastic face shield should be used when splashing of
hazardous drugs is possible. Intravesical administration carries a risk of
splashing.
Reference: Polovich, M. (2017). Safe handling of hazardous drugs (3rd
ed.). Pittsburgh, PA: Oncology Nursing Society, p. 27.
⫸ Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer is administered:
after primary therapy to increase the chance of long-term, disease-free
survival.
before primary therapy to shrink a tumor that is inoperable in its current
state.
at any time during therapy to cure the patient and kill cancer cells.
, to locally treat cancer with minimal harm to normal cells. Answer: after
primary therapy to increase the chance of long-term, disease-free
survival.
Answer: The goal of adjuvant therapy is to target minimal, residual
disease for patients at high risk of developing metastasis.
Reference: Polovich, M., Olsen, M., & LeFebvre, K. (Eds.). (2014).
Chemotherapy and biotherapy guidelines and recommendations for
practice (4th ed.). Pittsburgh, PA: Oncology Nursing Society, p. 5.
⫸ Hormone therapy is effective for which two types of cancer?
Breast and prostate
Sarcoma and small cell lung
Lymphoma and gallbladder
Liver and chronic myeloid leukemia Answer: Breast and prostate
Answer: Hormone therapy has been successfully used to treat breast and
prostate cancers.
Reference: Eggert, J. (Ed.). (2017). Cancer basics (2nd ed.). Pittsburgh,
PA: Oncology Nursing Society, p. 259.
