PSYCHOLOGY 1101 UPDATED STUDYS EXAM QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Cognitive Neuroscience - ✔✔A field that attempts to understand the links between
cognitive processes and brain activity.
✔✔Evolutionary Psychology - ✔✔a psychological approach that explains mind and
behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by
natural selection
✔✔Social Psychology - ✔✔the study of the causes and consequences of sociality
✔✔Cultural Psychology - ✔✔the study of how cultures reflect and shape the
psychological processes of their members
✔✔Empiricism - ✔✔the belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through
observation
✔✔Scientific Method - ✔✔a procedure for finding truth by using empirical evidence
✔✔Theory - ✔✔a hypothetical explanation of a natural phenomenon
✔✔Hypothesis - ✔✔a falsifiable prediction made by a theory
✔✔Empirical Method - ✔✔a set of rules and techniques for observation
✔✔Operational Definition - ✔✔a description of a property in concrete, measurable terms
✔✔Instrument - ✔✔anything that can detect the condition to which an operational
definition refers
✔✔Validity - ✔✔the extent to which a concrete event defines a property
✔✔Reliability - ✔✔the tendency for an instrument to produce the same measurement
whenever it is used to measure the same thing
✔✔Power - ✔✔a instruments ability to detect small magnitudes of the property
✔✔Demand Charactristics - ✔✔Those aspects of an observational setting that cause
people to behave as they think someone else wants or expects
✔✔Naturalistic Observation - ✔✔a technique for gathering scientific information by
unobtrusively observing people in their natural environments
, ✔✔Double-blind - ✔✔a technique whose true purpose is hidden from both the observer
and the person being observed
✔✔Frequency Distribution - ✔✔a graphical representation of measurements arranged
by the number of times each measurement was made
✔✔Normal Distribution - ✔✔a mathematically defined distribution in which the frequency
of measurements is highest in the middle and decreases symmetrically in both
directions
✔✔Standard Deviation - ✔✔a statistic that describes the average difference between
the measurements in a frequency distribution and the mean of that distribution
✔✔Variable - ✔✔a property whose value can vary across individuals or over time
✔✔Correlation - ✔✔two variables are said to "be correlated" when variations in the
value of one variable are synchronized with variations in the value of the other
✔✔Correlation Coefficient - ✔✔a mathematical measure of both the direction and
strength of a correlation, which is symbolized by the letter r
✔✔Natural Correlation - ✔✔a correlation observed in the world around us
✔✔Third-variable Correlation - ✔✔two variables are correlated only because each is
causally related to a third variable
✔✔Experiment - ✔✔a technique for establishing the causal relationship between
variables
✔✔Manipulation - ✔✔changing a variable in order to determine its causal power
✔✔Independent Variable - ✔✔variable that is manipulated in an experiment
✔✔Experimental Groups - ✔✔in an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment,
that is, to one version of the independent variable
✔✔Control Group - ✔✔in an experiment, the group not exposed to the treatment, that
is, to one version of the independent variable
✔✔Dependent Variable - ✔✔the variable that is measured in an experiment
✔✔Self-Selection - ✔✔a problem that occurs when anything about a person determines
whether he or she will be included in the experimental or control group
AND SOLUTIONS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Cognitive Neuroscience - ✔✔A field that attempts to understand the links between
cognitive processes and brain activity.
✔✔Evolutionary Psychology - ✔✔a psychological approach that explains mind and
behavior in terms of the adaptive value of abilities that are preserved over time by
natural selection
✔✔Social Psychology - ✔✔the study of the causes and consequences of sociality
✔✔Cultural Psychology - ✔✔the study of how cultures reflect and shape the
psychological processes of their members
✔✔Empiricism - ✔✔the belief that accurate knowledge can be acquired through
observation
✔✔Scientific Method - ✔✔a procedure for finding truth by using empirical evidence
✔✔Theory - ✔✔a hypothetical explanation of a natural phenomenon
✔✔Hypothesis - ✔✔a falsifiable prediction made by a theory
✔✔Empirical Method - ✔✔a set of rules and techniques for observation
✔✔Operational Definition - ✔✔a description of a property in concrete, measurable terms
✔✔Instrument - ✔✔anything that can detect the condition to which an operational
definition refers
✔✔Validity - ✔✔the extent to which a concrete event defines a property
✔✔Reliability - ✔✔the tendency for an instrument to produce the same measurement
whenever it is used to measure the same thing
✔✔Power - ✔✔a instruments ability to detect small magnitudes of the property
✔✔Demand Charactristics - ✔✔Those aspects of an observational setting that cause
people to behave as they think someone else wants or expects
✔✔Naturalistic Observation - ✔✔a technique for gathering scientific information by
unobtrusively observing people in their natural environments
, ✔✔Double-blind - ✔✔a technique whose true purpose is hidden from both the observer
and the person being observed
✔✔Frequency Distribution - ✔✔a graphical representation of measurements arranged
by the number of times each measurement was made
✔✔Normal Distribution - ✔✔a mathematically defined distribution in which the frequency
of measurements is highest in the middle and decreases symmetrically in both
directions
✔✔Standard Deviation - ✔✔a statistic that describes the average difference between
the measurements in a frequency distribution and the mean of that distribution
✔✔Variable - ✔✔a property whose value can vary across individuals or over time
✔✔Correlation - ✔✔two variables are said to "be correlated" when variations in the
value of one variable are synchronized with variations in the value of the other
✔✔Correlation Coefficient - ✔✔a mathematical measure of both the direction and
strength of a correlation, which is symbolized by the letter r
✔✔Natural Correlation - ✔✔a correlation observed in the world around us
✔✔Third-variable Correlation - ✔✔two variables are correlated only because each is
causally related to a third variable
✔✔Experiment - ✔✔a technique for establishing the causal relationship between
variables
✔✔Manipulation - ✔✔changing a variable in order to determine its causal power
✔✔Independent Variable - ✔✔variable that is manipulated in an experiment
✔✔Experimental Groups - ✔✔in an experiment, the group exposed to the treatment,
that is, to one version of the independent variable
✔✔Control Group - ✔✔in an experiment, the group not exposed to the treatment, that
is, to one version of the independent variable
✔✔Dependent Variable - ✔✔the variable that is measured in an experiment
✔✔Self-Selection - ✔✔a problem that occurs when anything about a person determines
whether he or she will be included in the experimental or control group
