PATHOPHYSIOLOGY - NR- 283 -
EXAM 1 ( CHAPTER 21 ) WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
Allele correct answer one of two forms of a gene at
corresponding sites on a chromosome pair; the code for
phenotype or characteristic manifested in an individual.
Amniocentesis correct answer removal of a small amount of
amniotic fluid from around the fetus for examination and
diagnosis.
Anomaly correct answer an abnormal structure, often
congenital
Genotype correct answer the genetic makeup of a cell or
individual.
Karyotype correct answer a visual demonstration of the pairs
of cell chromosomes arranged in order of size.
Organogenesis correct answer the formation and
differentiation of organs and systems during embryonic
development.
, Phenotype correct answer the characteristics manifested by a
person depending on genetic and environmental factors. (what
you can see)
Genetic disorders correct answer Congenital Anomalies may
result from a single-gene trait or from a chromosomal defect, or
they may be multifactorial.
Single-gene disorders correct answer caused by a change in
one gene within the reproductive cells (ova or sperm); this mutant
gene is then transmitted to subsequent generations following the
specific inheritance pattern for that gene.
Chromosomal anomalies correct answer result from an error
during meiosis, when the DNA fragments are displaced or lost,
thus altering genetic information.
• Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
• Monosomy X (Turner syndrome)
• Polysomy X (Klinefelter syndrome)
• Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome)
Developmental Disorders correct answer Exposure to negative
environmental influences during pregnancy and even before
pregnancy such as radiation may cause changes in the sperm or
ova.
Teratogenic agents correct answer cause damage during
embryonic or fetal development—are often difficult to define.
EXAM 1 ( CHAPTER 21 ) WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
Allele correct answer one of two forms of a gene at
corresponding sites on a chromosome pair; the code for
phenotype or characteristic manifested in an individual.
Amniocentesis correct answer removal of a small amount of
amniotic fluid from around the fetus for examination and
diagnosis.
Anomaly correct answer an abnormal structure, often
congenital
Genotype correct answer the genetic makeup of a cell or
individual.
Karyotype correct answer a visual demonstration of the pairs
of cell chromosomes arranged in order of size.
Organogenesis correct answer the formation and
differentiation of organs and systems during embryonic
development.
, Phenotype correct answer the characteristics manifested by a
person depending on genetic and environmental factors. (what
you can see)
Genetic disorders correct answer Congenital Anomalies may
result from a single-gene trait or from a chromosomal defect, or
they may be multifactorial.
Single-gene disorders correct answer caused by a change in
one gene within the reproductive cells (ova or sperm); this mutant
gene is then transmitted to subsequent generations following the
specific inheritance pattern for that gene.
Chromosomal anomalies correct answer result from an error
during meiosis, when the DNA fragments are displaced or lost,
thus altering genetic information.
• Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
• Monosomy X (Turner syndrome)
• Polysomy X (Klinefelter syndrome)
• Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome)
Developmental Disorders correct answer Exposure to negative
environmental influences during pregnancy and even before
pregnancy such as radiation may cause changes in the sperm or
ova.
Teratogenic agents correct answer cause damage during
embryonic or fetal development—are often difficult to define.
