JCAHPO COA Exam QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
Ocularist - ANSWERMeasures and fits patients with artificial eyes
Orthoptist - ANSWERHelps with diagnosis, management, and non-surgical treatment of
eye muscle imbalances
Optician - ANSWERDispenses eyeglasses and contact lenses from prescriptions
supplied by others
Optometrist - ANSWERPrescribes and/or fits eyeglasses and contact lenses and
screens for eye diseases as a non-physician professional
Ophthalmologist - ANSWERPrevents, diagnoses, and medically and surgically treats
problems of the eye as a medical doctor
Ophthalmic Medical Assistant - ANSWERHelps the doctor in a variety of clinical and
administrative tasks
Ethics - ANSWERMoral principles and values that govern behavior
4 Primary structures included in the adnexa: - ANSWER-orbit
-extraocular muscles
-eyelids
-tear-producing and tear-draining lacrimal apparatus
Orbit - ANSWERA pear-shaped bony cavity in the skull. Its function is to house the
globe, blood vessels, and the nerves
Medial rectus - ANSWERInward rotation
Superior rectus - ANSWERUpward rotation
Inferior rectus - ANSWERDownward rotation
Lateral rectus - ANSWEROutward rotation
Inferior oblique - ANSWERUpward and outward rotation
Superior Oblique - ANSWERDownward and outward rotation
3 functions of eyelids - ANSWER-helps protect the eye from injury
-exclude light
,-aid in lubrication of ocular surface
2 principle functions of lacrimal apparatus - ANSWER-produces tears
-ducts drain the excess fluid from the front of the eyes to the nose
Layers of Tear Film; Outer Layer - ANSWERHelps prevent evaporation of moisture from
the middle layer
Layers of Tear Film; Middle Layer - ANSWERTear film that supplies moisture, oxygen,
and nutrients to the cornea
Layers of Tear Film; Inner Layer - ANSWERPromotes an even spread of the tear film
over the cornea
Corneal Epithelium - ANSWERServes as the first line of defense against infection and
injury
Descemet's Membrane - ANSWERContributes rigidity
Stroma - ANSWERContributes rigidity
Bowman's Membrane - ANSWERActs as an anchor for the epithelium
Corneal Endothelium - ANSWERMaintains proper fluid balance
Sclera - ANSWERStructural component of the globe that protects the intraocular
contents
Ciliary Process - ANSWERSecretes aqueous humor that fills the anterior and posterior
chambers
Choroid - ANSWERSupplies nourishing blood to the outer layers of the retina; lies
between the sclera and the retina in the uveal tract
Crystalline Lens - ANSWERStructure that provides the eye's focusing power
Accomodation - ANSWERThe process by which the curvature of the crystalline lens
changes in order to focus images of objects that are close to the eye; increases
focusing power
Zonules - ANSWERTransparent fibers that connect the lens to the ciliary body
Vitreous - ANSWERActs as a shock absorber and maintains the shape of the globe
Rods - ANSWERLargely responsible for vision in reduced light and for peripheral vision
, Cones - ANSWERProvide sharp central vision and perception of color
Symptom vs. Sign - ANSWERSymptoms tend to be more subjective and/or personal
whereas signs are objective
Syndrome - ANSWERTerm given to a set of signs and symptoms that is characteristic
of a specific condition or disease
Protopsis/Exophthalmos - ANSWERProtrusion of the eyeball caused by an increase in
orbital volume
Orbital Cellulitis - ANSWERSwollen eyelids and red eyes
Strabismus - ANSWERA misalignment of the eyes that may cause vision to be
disturbed; can be congenital or caused by nerve paralysis or a muscle losing elasticity
External Hordeolum - ANSWERAbscess that is caused by infection of a glad
surrounding a lash follicle
Chalazion (Internal Hordeolum) - ANSWERA non-tender solid bump under the eyelid;
chronic inflammation resulting from an obstructed meibomian gland in the eyelid;
associated with infection
Blepharitis - ANSWERRed and encrusted lid margin
Ptosis - ANSWERDroopy upper lid
Ectropion - ANSWEROutward turning of lid margins
Entropion - ANSWERInward turning of lid margins
Trichiasis - ANSWEREyelashes rubbing against the eyeball, usually causing irritation
Lagophthalmos - ANSWERGlobe is not completely covered when lids are closed
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (K-sicca) - ANSWERInflammation of the cornea and
conjunctiva caused by dry eyes
Dacryocystitis - ANSWERCondition resulting from inflammation of the lacrimal sac
Bacterial Conjunctivitis - ANSWERThick, mucopurulent discharge
Viral Conjunctivitis - ANSWERProduces a watery discharge; everted eyelid appears to
be covered with hundreds of tiny bumps
Allergic Conjunctivitis - ANSWERTearing, itching, redness, and swelling
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
Ocularist - ANSWERMeasures and fits patients with artificial eyes
Orthoptist - ANSWERHelps with diagnosis, management, and non-surgical treatment of
eye muscle imbalances
Optician - ANSWERDispenses eyeglasses and contact lenses from prescriptions
supplied by others
Optometrist - ANSWERPrescribes and/or fits eyeglasses and contact lenses and
screens for eye diseases as a non-physician professional
Ophthalmologist - ANSWERPrevents, diagnoses, and medically and surgically treats
problems of the eye as a medical doctor
Ophthalmic Medical Assistant - ANSWERHelps the doctor in a variety of clinical and
administrative tasks
Ethics - ANSWERMoral principles and values that govern behavior
4 Primary structures included in the adnexa: - ANSWER-orbit
-extraocular muscles
-eyelids
-tear-producing and tear-draining lacrimal apparatus
Orbit - ANSWERA pear-shaped bony cavity in the skull. Its function is to house the
globe, blood vessels, and the nerves
Medial rectus - ANSWERInward rotation
Superior rectus - ANSWERUpward rotation
Inferior rectus - ANSWERDownward rotation
Lateral rectus - ANSWEROutward rotation
Inferior oblique - ANSWERUpward and outward rotation
Superior Oblique - ANSWERDownward and outward rotation
3 functions of eyelids - ANSWER-helps protect the eye from injury
-exclude light
,-aid in lubrication of ocular surface
2 principle functions of lacrimal apparatus - ANSWER-produces tears
-ducts drain the excess fluid from the front of the eyes to the nose
Layers of Tear Film; Outer Layer - ANSWERHelps prevent evaporation of moisture from
the middle layer
Layers of Tear Film; Middle Layer - ANSWERTear film that supplies moisture, oxygen,
and nutrients to the cornea
Layers of Tear Film; Inner Layer - ANSWERPromotes an even spread of the tear film
over the cornea
Corneal Epithelium - ANSWERServes as the first line of defense against infection and
injury
Descemet's Membrane - ANSWERContributes rigidity
Stroma - ANSWERContributes rigidity
Bowman's Membrane - ANSWERActs as an anchor for the epithelium
Corneal Endothelium - ANSWERMaintains proper fluid balance
Sclera - ANSWERStructural component of the globe that protects the intraocular
contents
Ciliary Process - ANSWERSecretes aqueous humor that fills the anterior and posterior
chambers
Choroid - ANSWERSupplies nourishing blood to the outer layers of the retina; lies
between the sclera and the retina in the uveal tract
Crystalline Lens - ANSWERStructure that provides the eye's focusing power
Accomodation - ANSWERThe process by which the curvature of the crystalline lens
changes in order to focus images of objects that are close to the eye; increases
focusing power
Zonules - ANSWERTransparent fibers that connect the lens to the ciliary body
Vitreous - ANSWERActs as a shock absorber and maintains the shape of the globe
Rods - ANSWERLargely responsible for vision in reduced light and for peripheral vision
, Cones - ANSWERProvide sharp central vision and perception of color
Symptom vs. Sign - ANSWERSymptoms tend to be more subjective and/or personal
whereas signs are objective
Syndrome - ANSWERTerm given to a set of signs and symptoms that is characteristic
of a specific condition or disease
Protopsis/Exophthalmos - ANSWERProtrusion of the eyeball caused by an increase in
orbital volume
Orbital Cellulitis - ANSWERSwollen eyelids and red eyes
Strabismus - ANSWERA misalignment of the eyes that may cause vision to be
disturbed; can be congenital or caused by nerve paralysis or a muscle losing elasticity
External Hordeolum - ANSWERAbscess that is caused by infection of a glad
surrounding a lash follicle
Chalazion (Internal Hordeolum) - ANSWERA non-tender solid bump under the eyelid;
chronic inflammation resulting from an obstructed meibomian gland in the eyelid;
associated with infection
Blepharitis - ANSWERRed and encrusted lid margin
Ptosis - ANSWERDroopy upper lid
Ectropion - ANSWEROutward turning of lid margins
Entropion - ANSWERInward turning of lid margins
Trichiasis - ANSWEREyelashes rubbing against the eyeball, usually causing irritation
Lagophthalmos - ANSWERGlobe is not completely covered when lids are closed
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (K-sicca) - ANSWERInflammation of the cornea and
conjunctiva caused by dry eyes
Dacryocystitis - ANSWERCondition resulting from inflammation of the lacrimal sac
Bacterial Conjunctivitis - ANSWERThick, mucopurulent discharge
Viral Conjunctivitis - ANSWERProduces a watery discharge; everted eyelid appears to
be covered with hundreds of tiny bumps
Allergic Conjunctivitis - ANSWERTearing, itching, redness, and swelling
