OMM EXAM 1 M2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Define counterstrain - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅An osteopathic system of diagnosis and indirect treatment
in which somatic dysfunction (diagnosed by an associated myofascial counter-strain point/tender point)
is treated by using a position of spontaneous tissue release while simultaneously monitoring the point
is counterstrain an indirect or a direct technique? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅indirect technique
---
(The dysfunctional body part is moved away from the restrictive barrier until tissue tension is equal in
one or all planes and directions)
who discovered the counterstrain indirect technique? what year? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Lawrence H.
Jones, DO, FAAOp
1955 (by accident)
what is January 1964 significant of? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the First Publication the DO
"Spontaneous Release by positioning"
written by Lawrence H. Jones about the counterstrain indirect technique
what was 1966 significant of? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Preliminary Report: "The body has 2 sides:
missed anterior spinal lesions"
how many specific tender points did Dr. Jones describe? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅over 200 specific
tender points
year of publication for 'Strain & Counterstrain' edition 1? edition 2? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅edition 1=
1981
,edition 2= 1995
is counterstrain safe for hospitalized patients? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅yes
harmless because puts them in a comfortable position
which system did Jones hypothesize was at work to create muscular dysfunction? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅an aberrant reflex in the gamma motor system
two phases of the proprioceptive theory? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. sudden lengthening of a shortened
muscle or overstretching of a muscle
2. defensive contraction of that muscle in an effort to prevent injury
describe Proprioceptive Theory?
(mechanism that produces counterstrain points) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅counterstrain points develop
when local muscle fibers are maintained in a hypertonic state due to an inappropriate proprioceptive
reflex during the inititation of somatic dysfunction/injury
---
in other words:
counterstrain (CS) points develop when local muscle fibers are maintained in a hypertonic state b/c of
bad proprioceptive reflex (maybe injury)
describe Sustained Abnormal Metabolism Theory?
(mechanism that produces counterstrain points) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅tissue injury alters body
position which affects microcirculation/tissue metabolism and causes a degree of localized inflammation
these changes may manifest as localized edema and tenderness upon palpation
,precise positioning improves local circulation and reduces localized inflammatory mediators
describe Impaired Ligamento-muscular Reflex Theory?
(mechanism that produces counterstrain points) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅proposed that dysfunction
may result from a protective reflex that occurs when ligaments and related myofascial structures are
placed under strain
this may inhibit muscular contraction that increase strain while stimulating muscular contractions that
reduce strain
---
in other words:
somatic dysfunction is result of protective reflex that occurs when ligaments and related structures
placed under strain
from the 3 proposed theories, which theory is most likely to explain how counterstrain develops? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅likely that counterstrain points are a result of a mix of all 3 theories
describe HOW counterstrain works? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅shorten myofascial tissues (position of
comfort) associated with the counterstrain point to reduce nocireceptive (pain) inopt to the CNS,
normalize myofascial tone, and increase local circulation
how long do you hold counterstrain techniques for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅90 seconds
define:
1. Counterstrain Point
, 2. Active Trigger Point
3. Latent Trigger Point - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. soft tissue location that is tender to palpation
2. site within a muscle that spontaneously produces pain and refers pain to a site distant from the
trigger point
3. site within a muscle that only produces referred pain when stimulated
list the 5 steps of counterstrain? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Find a significant counterstrain point
2.Assign a pain level (10 of 10)
3. Position patient for maximum comfort and maintain position for 90 seconds while maintaining
contact with the point
4.Slowly return the patient to a neutral position while maintaining contact with the point
5. Recheck the pain level
when finding a significant counterstrain point, what are you searching for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1.
Tenderness
2. Tissue texture change
--
not all that is tender is somatic dysfunction (ex: if you poke an fracture, it will hurt)
what points may flexion injuries cause? extension injuries? left side-bending injuries? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅flexion injury=anterior point
Define counterstrain - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅An osteopathic system of diagnosis and indirect treatment
in which somatic dysfunction (diagnosed by an associated myofascial counter-strain point/tender point)
is treated by using a position of spontaneous tissue release while simultaneously monitoring the point
is counterstrain an indirect or a direct technique? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅indirect technique
---
(The dysfunctional body part is moved away from the restrictive barrier until tissue tension is equal in
one or all planes and directions)
who discovered the counterstrain indirect technique? what year? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Lawrence H.
Jones, DO, FAAOp
1955 (by accident)
what is January 1964 significant of? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the First Publication the DO
"Spontaneous Release by positioning"
written by Lawrence H. Jones about the counterstrain indirect technique
what was 1966 significant of? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Preliminary Report: "The body has 2 sides:
missed anterior spinal lesions"
how many specific tender points did Dr. Jones describe? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅over 200 specific
tender points
year of publication for 'Strain & Counterstrain' edition 1? edition 2? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅edition 1=
1981
,edition 2= 1995
is counterstrain safe for hospitalized patients? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅yes
harmless because puts them in a comfortable position
which system did Jones hypothesize was at work to create muscular dysfunction? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅an aberrant reflex in the gamma motor system
two phases of the proprioceptive theory? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. sudden lengthening of a shortened
muscle or overstretching of a muscle
2. defensive contraction of that muscle in an effort to prevent injury
describe Proprioceptive Theory?
(mechanism that produces counterstrain points) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅counterstrain points develop
when local muscle fibers are maintained in a hypertonic state due to an inappropriate proprioceptive
reflex during the inititation of somatic dysfunction/injury
---
in other words:
counterstrain (CS) points develop when local muscle fibers are maintained in a hypertonic state b/c of
bad proprioceptive reflex (maybe injury)
describe Sustained Abnormal Metabolism Theory?
(mechanism that produces counterstrain points) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅tissue injury alters body
position which affects microcirculation/tissue metabolism and causes a degree of localized inflammation
these changes may manifest as localized edema and tenderness upon palpation
,precise positioning improves local circulation and reduces localized inflammatory mediators
describe Impaired Ligamento-muscular Reflex Theory?
(mechanism that produces counterstrain points) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅proposed that dysfunction
may result from a protective reflex that occurs when ligaments and related myofascial structures are
placed under strain
this may inhibit muscular contraction that increase strain while stimulating muscular contractions that
reduce strain
---
in other words:
somatic dysfunction is result of protective reflex that occurs when ligaments and related structures
placed under strain
from the 3 proposed theories, which theory is most likely to explain how counterstrain develops? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅likely that counterstrain points are a result of a mix of all 3 theories
describe HOW counterstrain works? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅shorten myofascial tissues (position of
comfort) associated with the counterstrain point to reduce nocireceptive (pain) inopt to the CNS,
normalize myofascial tone, and increase local circulation
how long do you hold counterstrain techniques for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅90 seconds
define:
1. Counterstrain Point
, 2. Active Trigger Point
3. Latent Trigger Point - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. soft tissue location that is tender to palpation
2. site within a muscle that spontaneously produces pain and refers pain to a site distant from the
trigger point
3. site within a muscle that only produces referred pain when stimulated
list the 5 steps of counterstrain? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Find a significant counterstrain point
2.Assign a pain level (10 of 10)
3. Position patient for maximum comfort and maintain position for 90 seconds while maintaining
contact with the point
4.Slowly return the patient to a neutral position while maintaining contact with the point
5. Recheck the pain level
when finding a significant counterstrain point, what are you searching for? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1.
Tenderness
2. Tissue texture change
--
not all that is tender is somatic dysfunction (ex: if you poke an fracture, it will hurt)
what points may flexion injuries cause? extension injuries? left side-bending injuries? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅flexion injury=anterior point
