Bio 253 Hondros Test 1 Review Part 1 Questions And Correct Answers

Bio 253 Hondros Test 1 Review Part 1 Questions And Correct Answers 2025 2026 Eleven majors systems of the body - ANSWER -integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive Integumentary system - ANSWER -skin--protection, temperature regulation, sensation Skeletal system - ANSWER -Bones, ligaments--support, protection, movement, mineral and fat storage, blood production Muscular system - ANSWER -skeletal muscles, tendons--movement, posture, heat production Nervous system - ANSWER -brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs--control, regulation, and coordination of other systems, sensation, memory Endocrine system - ANSWER -pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroids, and other glands--control and regulation of other systems Cardiovascular system - ANSWER -heart, arteries, veins, capillaries--exchange and transport of materials Lymphatic system - ANSWER -lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, tonsils--immunity, fluid balance Respiratory system - ANSWER -lungs, bronchial trees, trachea, larynx, nasal cavity- gas exchange, acid-base balance Digestive system - ANSWER -stomach, small and large intestines, esophagus, liver, mouth, pancreas--breakdown and absorption of nutrients, elimination of waste Urinary system - ANSWER -kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra--excretion of waste, fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base balance Reproductive system - ANSWER -Male-testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles, penis Female-ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, breasts Reproduction, continuity of genetic information, nurturing of offspring Anatomical position - ANSWER -body is erect, posture, with the arms at the sides and palms turned forward, head and feet are forward. Bilateral symmetry - ANSWER -right and left sides of the body are mirror images of right and left halves Conductivity - ANSWER -Capacity of living cells to transmit a wave of electrical disturbance from one point to another within the body Growth - ANSWER -Organized increase in the size and number of cells and therefore an increase in size of the individual or a particular organ or part Respiration - ANSWER -Exchange of respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between an organism and its environment Digestion - ANSWER -process by which complex food products are broken down into simpler substances that can be absorbed and used by individual body cells Absorption - ANSWER -movement of molecules, such as respiratory gases or digested nutrients, through a membrane and into the body fluids for transport to cells for use Secretion - ANSWER -production and release of important substances, such as digestive juices and hormones, for diverse body functions Excretion - ANSWER -removal of waste products from the body Circulation - ANSWER -movement of body fluids containing many substances from one body area to another in a continuous, circular route through hollow vessels Reproduction - ANSWER -formation of new individual offspring autopoiesis - ANSWER -living organisms are self-organizing or self-maintaining and nonliving structures are not. cell theory - ANSWER -any independent structure made up of one or more microscopic units called cells is a living organism metabolism - ANSWER -each characteristic of life is related to the sum total of all the physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body levels of organization - ANSWER -atom--molecule--macromolecules--organelle--cell- tissue--organ--organ system--organism atom - ANSWER -tiny spheres of matter, every material thing in the universe, including the human body is composed of atoms. Combinations of atoms form larger chemical groupings molecules - ANSWER -combos of atoms that form larger chemical groupings macromolecules - ANSWER -molecules in combination with other atoms form these larger and more complex chemicals cytoplasm - ANSWER -atoms, molecules and macromolecules in living material form this gel like material made of fluids, particles and membranes--the essential material of human life organelles - ANSWER -a structure made of molecules organized in such a way that it can perform a specific function. Tiny organs that all each cell to live. Cannot survive outside the cell, but without organelles the cell could not survive. Types of organelles - ANSWER -Mitochondria-power house of cells that provide energy needed by the cell to carry out day-to-day functioning, growth and repair. Golgi apparatus-set of sacs that provide "packaging" service to cells by storing material for future internal use or for export from the cell Endoplasmic Reticulum--network of channels within the cell that act as "highways" for the movement of chemicals and as sites for chemical processing cellular level - ANSWER -cells are the smallest and most numerous structural units that possess and exhibit the basic characteristics of living matter. Each cell is surrounded by a membrane and a single nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm that includes the numerous organelles required for the normal processes of living tissue level - ANSWER -a group of a great many similar cells that all developed