NR 601 Midterm Exam (Latest Updated 2026) Primary
Care of the Maturing and Aged Family | Prep Questions
and Verified Answers| 100% Correct | Grade A+
(CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY)
Q: All of the following statements are true about lab values in older adults
except
Answer: Abnormal findings are often due to physiological aging
Rationale: While normal aging may affect lab values, abnormal findings are
often a result of underlying pathology, not just aging. Lab values can be
influenced by chronic conditions like kidney disease, diabetes, or
cardiovascular issues, rather than solely by physiological aging.
Q: The pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) is due to
Answer: Inadequate cardiac output to meet the metabolic and O2
demands of the body
Rationale: Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood
effectively to meet the body’s needs for oxygen and nutrients. This results in
decreased cardiac output, leading to the signs and symptoms of heart failure,
including fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention.
Q: The volume of air a patient exhales for the total duration of the test
during maximal effort is
Answer: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Rationale: FVC is the total volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after
,taking a deep breath, measured during a pulmonary function test. It helps
assess lung function and can indicate obstructive or restrictive lung diseases.
Q: According to the 2017 ACC hypertension (HTN) guidelines, normal
blood pressure is
Answer: 120/80
Rationale: The 2017 ACC guidelines define normal blood pressure as a systolic
BP of less than 120 mmHg and a diastolic BP of less than 80 mmHg. This
standard helps classify individuals at risk for hypertension and related
cardiovascular diseases.
Q: Functional abilities are best assessed by
Answer: Observed assessment of function
Rationale: The most reliable way to assess functional abilities is by observing
the patient perform daily activities. This provides insight into their physical,
cognitive, and social abilities, which may not be fully captured through self-
reports or questionnaires alone.
Q: LB is a 77-year-old with chronic poorly controlled hypertension. You
know that goals include prevention of target organ damage. During your
evaluation, you will assess for evidence of
Answer: Left ventricular hypertrophy
Rationale: Chronic hypertension increases the workload of the heart, which
can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). LVH is a major complication of
poorly controlled hypertension and can increase the risk of heart failure and
arrhythmias.
,Q: Aortic regurgitation requires medical treatment for early signs of
heart failure with
Answer: ACE inhibitors (ACEi)
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are commonly used to treat heart failure, including
early-stage aortic regurgitation, by reducing the workload on the heart,
preventing fluid retention, and improving symptoms. They help manage the
increased pressure in the heart caused by the regurgitant blood flow.
Q: The volume of air in the lungs at maximum inflation is
Answer: Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Rationale: TLC refers to the total volume of air in the lungs when they are fully
inflated. It includes tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory
reserve volume, and residual volume. It is a key measure in assessing lung
health.
Q: Preferred amount of exercise for older adults is
Answer: 30 minutes/day of aerobic exercise 5 days a week
Rationale: The recommended amount of exercise for older adults, as
suggested by health guidelines, is 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic
activity on most days of the week. This helps improve cardiovascular health,
mobility, and overall well-being.
Q: You know the following statements regarding the pain of acute
coronary syndrome are true except
Answer: Present atypically more often in men than women
Rationale: In fact, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) typically presents atypically
in women, not men. Women may experience different symptoms, such as
, nausea, fatigue, or upper back pain, rather than the classic chest pain often
associated with ACS in men.
Q: Elderly patient presents with new onset of feeling heart race, fatigue.
EKG reveals atrial fibrillation with a rate of 100. Patient also has a new
tremor in both hands. Which of the following would you suspect?
Answer: Hyperthyroidism
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism can cause atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, and
tremors. The symptoms, including heart racing and fatigue, coupled with the
tremors, point toward this thyroid dysfunction, which can significantly impact
cardiovascular and nervous system function.
Q: Which patient is more likely to have osteoporosis?
Answer: 80-year-old underweight male who smokes and has been on
steroids for psoriasis
Rationale: The combination of aging, low body weight, smoking, and steroid use
places this patient at high risk for osteoporosis. Steroids particularly impair
bone density by decreasing calcium absorption and increasing bone resorption.
Q: Postmenopausal woman with osteoporosis is taking bisphosphonate
daily. What action info statement would indicate she understood your
instructions regarding this medication?
Answer: Take the medication with a full glass of water when up in the AM,
30 minutes before other food and medications
Rationale: Bisphosphonates should be taken on an empty stomach with a full
glass of water to ensure proper absorption. They should also be taken at least
30 minutes before eating or taking other medications to prevent
gastrointestinal irritation and improve absorption.
Care of the Maturing and Aged Family | Prep Questions
and Verified Answers| 100% Correct | Grade A+
(CHAMBERLAIN UNIVERSITY)
Q: All of the following statements are true about lab values in older adults
except
Answer: Abnormal findings are often due to physiological aging
Rationale: While normal aging may affect lab values, abnormal findings are
often a result of underlying pathology, not just aging. Lab values can be
influenced by chronic conditions like kidney disease, diabetes, or
cardiovascular issues, rather than solely by physiological aging.
Q: The pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) is due to
Answer: Inadequate cardiac output to meet the metabolic and O2
demands of the body
Rationale: Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood
effectively to meet the body’s needs for oxygen and nutrients. This results in
decreased cardiac output, leading to the signs and symptoms of heart failure,
including fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention.
Q: The volume of air a patient exhales for the total duration of the test
during maximal effort is
Answer: Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)
Rationale: FVC is the total volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after
,taking a deep breath, measured during a pulmonary function test. It helps
assess lung function and can indicate obstructive or restrictive lung diseases.
Q: According to the 2017 ACC hypertension (HTN) guidelines, normal
blood pressure is
Answer: 120/80
Rationale: The 2017 ACC guidelines define normal blood pressure as a systolic
BP of less than 120 mmHg and a diastolic BP of less than 80 mmHg. This
standard helps classify individuals at risk for hypertension and related
cardiovascular diseases.
Q: Functional abilities are best assessed by
Answer: Observed assessment of function
Rationale: The most reliable way to assess functional abilities is by observing
the patient perform daily activities. This provides insight into their physical,
cognitive, and social abilities, which may not be fully captured through self-
reports or questionnaires alone.
Q: LB is a 77-year-old with chronic poorly controlled hypertension. You
know that goals include prevention of target organ damage. During your
evaluation, you will assess for evidence of
Answer: Left ventricular hypertrophy
Rationale: Chronic hypertension increases the workload of the heart, which
can lead to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). LVH is a major complication of
poorly controlled hypertension and can increase the risk of heart failure and
arrhythmias.
,Q: Aortic regurgitation requires medical treatment for early signs of
heart failure with
Answer: ACE inhibitors (ACEi)
Rationale: ACE inhibitors are commonly used to treat heart failure, including
early-stage aortic regurgitation, by reducing the workload on the heart,
preventing fluid retention, and improving symptoms. They help manage the
increased pressure in the heart caused by the regurgitant blood flow.
Q: The volume of air in the lungs at maximum inflation is
Answer: Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Rationale: TLC refers to the total volume of air in the lungs when they are fully
inflated. It includes tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory
reserve volume, and residual volume. It is a key measure in assessing lung
health.
Q: Preferred amount of exercise for older adults is
Answer: 30 minutes/day of aerobic exercise 5 days a week
Rationale: The recommended amount of exercise for older adults, as
suggested by health guidelines, is 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic
activity on most days of the week. This helps improve cardiovascular health,
mobility, and overall well-being.
Q: You know the following statements regarding the pain of acute
coronary syndrome are true except
Answer: Present atypically more often in men than women
Rationale: In fact, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) typically presents atypically
in women, not men. Women may experience different symptoms, such as
, nausea, fatigue, or upper back pain, rather than the classic chest pain often
associated with ACS in men.
Q: Elderly patient presents with new onset of feeling heart race, fatigue.
EKG reveals atrial fibrillation with a rate of 100. Patient also has a new
tremor in both hands. Which of the following would you suspect?
Answer: Hyperthyroidism
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism can cause atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, and
tremors. The symptoms, including heart racing and fatigue, coupled with the
tremors, point toward this thyroid dysfunction, which can significantly impact
cardiovascular and nervous system function.
Q: Which patient is more likely to have osteoporosis?
Answer: 80-year-old underweight male who smokes and has been on
steroids for psoriasis
Rationale: The combination of aging, low body weight, smoking, and steroid use
places this patient at high risk for osteoporosis. Steroids particularly impair
bone density by decreasing calcium absorption and increasing bone resorption.
Q: Postmenopausal woman with osteoporosis is taking bisphosphonate
daily. What action info statement would indicate she understood your
instructions regarding this medication?
Answer: Take the medication with a full glass of water when up in the AM,
30 minutes before other food and medications
Rationale: Bisphosphonates should be taken on an empty stomach with a full
glass of water to ensure proper absorption. They should also be taken at least
30 minutes before eating or taking other medications to prevent
gastrointestinal irritation and improve absorption.
