Lymphatic system of frog
The lymphatic system is a part of complex immune system consists lymph nodes is a network of
thin lymphatic channels (similar to thin blood vessels), and organs such as the spleen and thymus.
Lymph: Lymph is the blood without erythrocytes so they are colourless. It contains large number
of WBC. It carries food and oxygen to the cells and takes away water and other waste from the
cells. Thus, it acts as a medium of exchange between the blood and tissue cells.
Lymph Vessels: These are thin walled, delicate and branched vessels. They are formed by the
union of lymph capillaries. They are made up of unstraited muscle and connective tissue. They
have no direct connection between blood capillaries.
Lymph Simnuses: The important lymph sinuses are:
1. Subcutaneous lymph sinuses: Thesebare the large space between skin and muscle.
2. Sub-vetebral lymph sinus: It is found around the dorsal aorta.
3. Pericardial Sinus: It lymph is called Pericardial fluid. And enclose heart.
4. Coelom: It is a large lymph space. And its lymph is ceolomis fluid.
5. The peritoneal cavity.
6. The synovial cavity of the joints.
Lymph Heart: these are two pairs of thin, transparent muscular sac like structures. One pair of
anterior heart lies on sides of vertebral column and posterior part lies on either sides of urostyle.
Functions of Lymph
Lymph nodes produce lymphocytes.
Kills the foreign bodies like viruses, bacteria etc.
Keeps the percentage of proteins constant.
Absorbs food in the small intestine.
Spleen: It is small dark red and round structure lies near the anterior end of the rectum. Spleen is
a solid mass of reticiloendothelial tissue covered in a fibrous capsule. Spleen is a blood bank of
the body.it is a store house of RBC and WBC and also help in the production of Antibodies.
Reproductive system of Frog
Reproduction is the ability of living organism to produce new generation of living individuals
similar to themselves. Frogs are dioecious animal i.e. male and female reproductive organs are
found in different individual. The male and female frogs can be distinguish from each other’s by
observing the external features. This phenomenon is known as sexual dimorphism.
Male and female frog have the respective reproductive organs. The detail study of the
reproductive organs are as follows.
, Male Reproductive System of Frog
The male reproductive system of frog consist of: Testes,Vasa efferentia, Seminal vesicle and
Urinogenital duct
1. Testes
The testes are a pair of light yellow oval shaped structure. It attached to the antero-ventral
surface of each kidney by a double fold of peritoneum called the mesorchium.
Histology of testes/ internal structure of testes
Each testes is externally covered by a layer of thin connective tissue membrane called tunica
albuginea.
Transverse section of testes shows large no. of seminiferous tubules which are held together by
connective tissue.
The blood vessels, nerve fibers and interstitial cells are scattered in the connective tissue.
Interstitial cells secretes testosterone hormone which brings secondary sexual characters.
Each seminiferous tubules is externally covered by a membrane propria and internally by
germinal epithelium which is also known as primordial germ cells.
Primordial gem cells undergo spermatogenesis to produce sperms.
The lymphatic system is a part of complex immune system consists lymph nodes is a network of
thin lymphatic channels (similar to thin blood vessels), and organs such as the spleen and thymus.
Lymph: Lymph is the blood without erythrocytes so they are colourless. It contains large number
of WBC. It carries food and oxygen to the cells and takes away water and other waste from the
cells. Thus, it acts as a medium of exchange between the blood and tissue cells.
Lymph Vessels: These are thin walled, delicate and branched vessels. They are formed by the
union of lymph capillaries. They are made up of unstraited muscle and connective tissue. They
have no direct connection between blood capillaries.
Lymph Simnuses: The important lymph sinuses are:
1. Subcutaneous lymph sinuses: Thesebare the large space between skin and muscle.
2. Sub-vetebral lymph sinus: It is found around the dorsal aorta.
3. Pericardial Sinus: It lymph is called Pericardial fluid. And enclose heart.
4. Coelom: It is a large lymph space. And its lymph is ceolomis fluid.
5. The peritoneal cavity.
6. The synovial cavity of the joints.
Lymph Heart: these are two pairs of thin, transparent muscular sac like structures. One pair of
anterior heart lies on sides of vertebral column and posterior part lies on either sides of urostyle.
Functions of Lymph
Lymph nodes produce lymphocytes.
Kills the foreign bodies like viruses, bacteria etc.
Keeps the percentage of proteins constant.
Absorbs food in the small intestine.
Spleen: It is small dark red and round structure lies near the anterior end of the rectum. Spleen is
a solid mass of reticiloendothelial tissue covered in a fibrous capsule. Spleen is a blood bank of
the body.it is a store house of RBC and WBC and also help in the production of Antibodies.
Reproductive system of Frog
Reproduction is the ability of living organism to produce new generation of living individuals
similar to themselves. Frogs are dioecious animal i.e. male and female reproductive organs are
found in different individual. The male and female frogs can be distinguish from each other’s by
observing the external features. This phenomenon is known as sexual dimorphism.
Male and female frog have the respective reproductive organs. The detail study of the
reproductive organs are as follows.
, Male Reproductive System of Frog
The male reproductive system of frog consist of: Testes,Vasa efferentia, Seminal vesicle and
Urinogenital duct
1. Testes
The testes are a pair of light yellow oval shaped structure. It attached to the antero-ventral
surface of each kidney by a double fold of peritoneum called the mesorchium.
Histology of testes/ internal structure of testes
Each testes is externally covered by a layer of thin connective tissue membrane called tunica
albuginea.
Transverse section of testes shows large no. of seminiferous tubules which are held together by
connective tissue.
The blood vessels, nerve fibers and interstitial cells are scattered in the connective tissue.
Interstitial cells secretes testosterone hormone which brings secondary sexual characters.
Each seminiferous tubules is externally covered by a membrane propria and internally by
germinal epithelium which is also known as primordial germ cells.
Primordial gem cells undergo spermatogenesis to produce sperms.
