NURS 314 FINAL EXAM 2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS SCORED A+
✔✔Functional Assessment, Functional Assessment approaches ( slide 15): - ✔✔2
approaches; individual's self report or observing his/her ability to perform tasks
ADL Tools-
KATZ Index of Independence (0-6 points); Barthel Index (includes definitions &
comprehensive assessment of mobility to follow progress);
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) (takes formal training & is more sensitive to
change);
Rapid Disability Rating Scale-2 (RDS-2)- completed by family members
IADL Tools-
Lawton (scale of 0-8 for women and 0-5 males and measures more complex
IADLs)[biased in activities that men and women do];
Mobility- Get up and go test; patient goes from chair and takes 10 steps then back and
sits down (note balance, gait, ability to turn safely, & sit-stand ease)
✔✔Social and Spiritual Assessment - ✔✔Social- Who is social support, relationship w/
caregiver, caregiver trained?, potential for falls, bathroom, stairways safe, safe
neighborhood?, transportation?
Spiritual- is person spiritual/religious, involve chaplain?, do health decisions have
spiritual implications
✔✔Cognition assessment - ✔✔Assess attention, memory, orientation, language,
visuospatial skills, higher cognitive functions (i.e. plan and execute functions)
Instruments: MMSE (mini-mental state exam), Short Portable Mental Status
Questionnaire, etc.
✔✔Red Flags in the history - ✔✔Confusion, anorexia (loss of appetite), lethargy,
incoherence, agitation, delirium
New or suddenly worsening urinary and/or fecal incontinence
Dyspnea (shortness of breath [SOB]), syncope (passing out), weakness, vomiting
Falls, unsteadiness
Failure to thrive
✔✔Terminology and symbols of a Genetic Pedigree - ✔✔Circles represent women
Squares represent men
,Vertical lines are lines of descent and are drawn between biological parents and
children.
Horizontal lines are relationship lines and indicate mating, not necessarily marriage
A horizontal slash through a symbol represents a death
A mating, not necessarily a marriage is a solid horizontal line
A dashed line indicates a casual or partnership between two people
A smaller circle or square indicates a pregnancy loss. A triangle is used if the sex is
unknown
A inverted "V" shaped lines indicates twins, fraternal. If a line is drawn vertically
between the inverted "V" to make an "A" then identical
A proband is the person with the genetic concern or, if none, the person for whom the
pedigree is constructed. An arrow is drawn on the pedigree that points to the proband.
✔✔Define and describe the components of culture, ethnicity, heritage, heritage
consistency, linguistic competence, health and illness - ✔✔Culture: the sum total ways
of living for a group of human beings which is transmitted from one generation to
another. Thoughts, communications, actions, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial,
ethnic, religious, or social groups. Characteristics of culture: Learned from birth, shared
with others from their culture, adapted to their situation and environment, dynamic &
always changing (not in stone)
Ethnicity: a group of people, racially, linguistically, or historically related who have a
common and distinctive culture. Much diversity exists between and within groups
Heritage: Combination of culture, ethnicity, religion, spirituality, socialization
(acculturation, assimilation, biculturalism) and time orientation
Heritage Consistency: Degree to which a person's lifestyle reflects his or her traditional
heritage; can be modern or traditional
Linguistic Competence: Title VI of Civil Rights Act of 1964= services can't be denied to
LEP people; some states require providers to offer lang. help
Health & Illness: Balance of a person is essential for health; illness is imbalance
Causes of illness: biomedical, naturalistic, magicoreligious, healing & culture, folk
healers
✔✔Difference between religion and spirituality - ✔✔Religion is a system of beliefs,
practices and ethical values usually with a deity; provides a shared experience of
spirituality
Spirituality comes from each person's life experiences in an effort to find purpose or
meaning to life
, ✔✔The components of Heritage - ✔✔Culture, Ethnicity, Spirituality/Religion,
Socialization x3 (Assimilation, Acculturation, Biculturalism), & Time Orientation
✔✔Define Socialization and differences between acculturation, assimilation and
biculturalism - ✔✔Socialization: Process of being raised w/in a culture and acquiring
characteristics of that group.
Acculturation: process of adapting to and acquiring another culture
Assimilation: process of developing a new cultural identity & becoming like members of
the dominant society
Biculturalism: dual pattern of identification & often divided loyalty
✔✔Describe the Cultural Assessment Framework and its components - ✔✔Looks into
culture-specific epidemiological and environmental factors/influences
Explores the following five (5) areas
Culture-specific demographic factors
Culture-specific epidemiological and enviroment factors
Cultural characteristics
Health Care Beliefs
Western health care organizations and service delivery variables
✔✔Know similarities and differences between cultural and ethnic groups - ✔✔Ethnicity:
Describes a group united by:
Common geographic origin
Migratory status
Religion
Race
Language
Shared values, traditions, or symbols
Food preferences
Culture: Characteristics of culture
Learned from birth
Shared with others from their culture
Adapted to their situation and environment
Dynamic & always changing (not in stone)
✔✔What does RESPECT mean (last slide) - ✔✔Realize you must know heritage of
yourself and patient
Examine patient within cultural context
Select simple questions and speak slowly
Pace questioning throughout exam
Encourage patient to discuss meaning of health and illness with you
SOLUTIONS SCORED A+
✔✔Functional Assessment, Functional Assessment approaches ( slide 15): - ✔✔2
approaches; individual's self report or observing his/her ability to perform tasks
ADL Tools-
KATZ Index of Independence (0-6 points); Barthel Index (includes definitions &
comprehensive assessment of mobility to follow progress);
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) (takes formal training & is more sensitive to
change);
Rapid Disability Rating Scale-2 (RDS-2)- completed by family members
IADL Tools-
Lawton (scale of 0-8 for women and 0-5 males and measures more complex
IADLs)[biased in activities that men and women do];
Mobility- Get up and go test; patient goes from chair and takes 10 steps then back and
sits down (note balance, gait, ability to turn safely, & sit-stand ease)
✔✔Social and Spiritual Assessment - ✔✔Social- Who is social support, relationship w/
caregiver, caregiver trained?, potential for falls, bathroom, stairways safe, safe
neighborhood?, transportation?
Spiritual- is person spiritual/religious, involve chaplain?, do health decisions have
spiritual implications
✔✔Cognition assessment - ✔✔Assess attention, memory, orientation, language,
visuospatial skills, higher cognitive functions (i.e. plan and execute functions)
Instruments: MMSE (mini-mental state exam), Short Portable Mental Status
Questionnaire, etc.
✔✔Red Flags in the history - ✔✔Confusion, anorexia (loss of appetite), lethargy,
incoherence, agitation, delirium
New or suddenly worsening urinary and/or fecal incontinence
Dyspnea (shortness of breath [SOB]), syncope (passing out), weakness, vomiting
Falls, unsteadiness
Failure to thrive
✔✔Terminology and symbols of a Genetic Pedigree - ✔✔Circles represent women
Squares represent men
,Vertical lines are lines of descent and are drawn between biological parents and
children.
Horizontal lines are relationship lines and indicate mating, not necessarily marriage
A horizontal slash through a symbol represents a death
A mating, not necessarily a marriage is a solid horizontal line
A dashed line indicates a casual or partnership between two people
A smaller circle or square indicates a pregnancy loss. A triangle is used if the sex is
unknown
A inverted "V" shaped lines indicates twins, fraternal. If a line is drawn vertically
between the inverted "V" to make an "A" then identical
A proband is the person with the genetic concern or, if none, the person for whom the
pedigree is constructed. An arrow is drawn on the pedigree that points to the proband.
✔✔Define and describe the components of culture, ethnicity, heritage, heritage
consistency, linguistic competence, health and illness - ✔✔Culture: the sum total ways
of living for a group of human beings which is transmitted from one generation to
another. Thoughts, communications, actions, beliefs, values, and institutions of racial,
ethnic, religious, or social groups. Characteristics of culture: Learned from birth, shared
with others from their culture, adapted to their situation and environment, dynamic &
always changing (not in stone)
Ethnicity: a group of people, racially, linguistically, or historically related who have a
common and distinctive culture. Much diversity exists between and within groups
Heritage: Combination of culture, ethnicity, religion, spirituality, socialization
(acculturation, assimilation, biculturalism) and time orientation
Heritage Consistency: Degree to which a person's lifestyle reflects his or her traditional
heritage; can be modern or traditional
Linguistic Competence: Title VI of Civil Rights Act of 1964= services can't be denied to
LEP people; some states require providers to offer lang. help
Health & Illness: Balance of a person is essential for health; illness is imbalance
Causes of illness: biomedical, naturalistic, magicoreligious, healing & culture, folk
healers
✔✔Difference between religion and spirituality - ✔✔Religion is a system of beliefs,
practices and ethical values usually with a deity; provides a shared experience of
spirituality
Spirituality comes from each person's life experiences in an effort to find purpose or
meaning to life
, ✔✔The components of Heritage - ✔✔Culture, Ethnicity, Spirituality/Religion,
Socialization x3 (Assimilation, Acculturation, Biculturalism), & Time Orientation
✔✔Define Socialization and differences between acculturation, assimilation and
biculturalism - ✔✔Socialization: Process of being raised w/in a culture and acquiring
characteristics of that group.
Acculturation: process of adapting to and acquiring another culture
Assimilation: process of developing a new cultural identity & becoming like members of
the dominant society
Biculturalism: dual pattern of identification & often divided loyalty
✔✔Describe the Cultural Assessment Framework and its components - ✔✔Looks into
culture-specific epidemiological and environmental factors/influences
Explores the following five (5) areas
Culture-specific demographic factors
Culture-specific epidemiological and enviroment factors
Cultural characteristics
Health Care Beliefs
Western health care organizations and service delivery variables
✔✔Know similarities and differences between cultural and ethnic groups - ✔✔Ethnicity:
Describes a group united by:
Common geographic origin
Migratory status
Religion
Race
Language
Shared values, traditions, or symbols
Food preferences
Culture: Characteristics of culture
Learned from birth
Shared with others from their culture
Adapted to their situation and environment
Dynamic & always changing (not in stone)
✔✔What does RESPECT mean (last slide) - ✔✔Realize you must know heritage of
yourself and patient
Examine patient within cultural context
Select simple questions and speak slowly
Pace questioning throughout exam
Encourage patient to discuss meaning of health and illness with you
