NURS 314 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS SCORED A+
✔✔What does RESPECT mean (last slide) - ✔✔Realize you must know heritage of
yourself and patient
Examine patient within cultural context
Select simple questions and speak slowly
Pace questioning throughout exam
Encourage patient to discuss meaning of health and illness with you
Check patient's understanding and acceptance of recommendations
Touch patient within boundaries of his or her heritage
✔✔Identify the Health related beliefs and practices - ✔✔Meditating
Exercising/physical fitness
Sleep habits
Vaccinations
Willingness to undergo physical examination
Pilgrimage
Truthfulness about how patient feels
Maintenance of family viability
Hoping for recovery
Coping with stress
Genetic screening and counseling
Living with a disability
Caring for children
Differing views of epilepsy:
Uganda: contagious, untreatable
Greece: source of family shame
Mexican-American community: evidence of physical imbalance
Hutterites: evidence of having endured trial by God
✔✔Understand affects of Time Orientation - ✔✔Focus on past: Traditions and
ancestors play important role in person's life
Focus on present: Little attention paid to past or future; concerned with now, and future
perceived as vague or unpredictable
Focus on future: Progress and change highly valued; person may express discontent
with both past and present
✔✔Purpose and definition of Kleinman's Model - ✔✔Distinguishes between illness and
disease
Illness—uniquely personal experience that a sick person has of what is happening to
him/her
,Disease—the health care providers biomedical understanding of the same illness
Recognized the various domains of influence on a person's belief and actions regarding
illness and disease
✔✔Describe cultural relevance - ✔✔Cultural Brokering—use of a middleman to connect
diverse cultures
Patient negotiation—after listening to the client select areas that are non-negotiable and
those that are negotiable (i.e. child w/ burn on foot)
Acculturation and assimilation—consider the factors that affect both
✔✔Steps to cultural competence - ✔✔Culturally sensitive: Possessing basic knowledge
of and constructive attitudes toward diverse cultural populations
Culturally appropriate: Applying underlying background knowledge necessary to provide
the best possible health care
Culturally competent: Understanding and attending to total context of patient's situation
including: Immigration status, Stress factors, Social factors, Cultural similarities and
differences
Understands one's own heritage-based values, beliefs, attitudes, and practices
Acquires knowledge about the social background of a patient
Identifies the meaning of "health" to a patient
Helps the patient understand how the health care system works; advocates for the
patient
Becomes familiar with languages, interpretive services, and community resources
available to nurses and patients.
✔✔Definition of mental status - ✔✔A person's feelings and thinking functions
✔✔Be able to differentiate between the MMSE and MSE - ✔✔Mental Status Exam
(MSE) - quick but thorough assessment of mental function
Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) - quick screen of cognitive impairment typically used
with older adults
✔✔Mental Disorder - ✔✔"A specific behavior or psychological pattern that is associated
with distress or disability and has a significant risk of pain, disability, or death or a loss
of freedom" (Jarvis, 2012, p. 71).
A response that is: greater or less than expected to the life changing event
Includes:
, organic disorders: b/o brain disease with known organic cause
psychiatric mental illness: in which organic cause is unknown
✔✔Gathereing of subjective and objective information (slides 8-27) - ✔✔Subjective
information may be what the patient says
Objective Info: ABCT
Appearance
Behavior
Cognitive Functions
Thought Processes and Perceptions
Appearance Additional
Attitude Culture
Behavior Aging
Mood and Affect
Speech
Thought Process
Thought Content
Perceptions
Cognition, LOC (Level of Consciousness: alert, comatose, semi comatose...)
Insight
Judgment
✔✔Know Levels of Consciousness - ✔✔Alert
Lethargic or somnolent - not fully alert, drifts off to sleep when not stimulated, responds
appropriately but slow, fuzzy thinking
Obtunded - difficult to arouse, roused with shout or vigorous shake, groans, confused,
monosyllabic responses, mumbles, needs constant stimulation for marginal
cooperation, appropriate motor responses
Stupor or semi-coma - roused only with pain or persistent shaking, but eyes remain
closed, groans, mumbles, may move restlessly; reflex activity persists, appropriate
motor responses
Coma - completely unconscious, does not awaken, loss of reflex activity, no response to
external stimuli. Light coma- some reflex activity, no purposeful movement; deep coma-
no motor response
✔✔Know Orientation to person, place and time, difference between short and long term
memory - ✔✔Recent, remote - or - short-term, long-term
Recent memory - 3 words at 1, 5, 10 min.
Remote memory is assessed during history taking.
AND SOLUTIONS SCORED A+
✔✔What does RESPECT mean (last slide) - ✔✔Realize you must know heritage of
yourself and patient
Examine patient within cultural context
Select simple questions and speak slowly
Pace questioning throughout exam
Encourage patient to discuss meaning of health and illness with you
Check patient's understanding and acceptance of recommendations
Touch patient within boundaries of his or her heritage
✔✔Identify the Health related beliefs and practices - ✔✔Meditating
Exercising/physical fitness
Sleep habits
Vaccinations
Willingness to undergo physical examination
Pilgrimage
Truthfulness about how patient feels
Maintenance of family viability
Hoping for recovery
Coping with stress
Genetic screening and counseling
Living with a disability
Caring for children
Differing views of epilepsy:
Uganda: contagious, untreatable
Greece: source of family shame
Mexican-American community: evidence of physical imbalance
Hutterites: evidence of having endured trial by God
✔✔Understand affects of Time Orientation - ✔✔Focus on past: Traditions and
ancestors play important role in person's life
Focus on present: Little attention paid to past or future; concerned with now, and future
perceived as vague or unpredictable
Focus on future: Progress and change highly valued; person may express discontent
with both past and present
✔✔Purpose and definition of Kleinman's Model - ✔✔Distinguishes between illness and
disease
Illness—uniquely personal experience that a sick person has of what is happening to
him/her
,Disease—the health care providers biomedical understanding of the same illness
Recognized the various domains of influence on a person's belief and actions regarding
illness and disease
✔✔Describe cultural relevance - ✔✔Cultural Brokering—use of a middleman to connect
diverse cultures
Patient negotiation—after listening to the client select areas that are non-negotiable and
those that are negotiable (i.e. child w/ burn on foot)
Acculturation and assimilation—consider the factors that affect both
✔✔Steps to cultural competence - ✔✔Culturally sensitive: Possessing basic knowledge
of and constructive attitudes toward diverse cultural populations
Culturally appropriate: Applying underlying background knowledge necessary to provide
the best possible health care
Culturally competent: Understanding and attending to total context of patient's situation
including: Immigration status, Stress factors, Social factors, Cultural similarities and
differences
Understands one's own heritage-based values, beliefs, attitudes, and practices
Acquires knowledge about the social background of a patient
Identifies the meaning of "health" to a patient
Helps the patient understand how the health care system works; advocates for the
patient
Becomes familiar with languages, interpretive services, and community resources
available to nurses and patients.
✔✔Definition of mental status - ✔✔A person's feelings and thinking functions
✔✔Be able to differentiate between the MMSE and MSE - ✔✔Mental Status Exam
(MSE) - quick but thorough assessment of mental function
Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) - quick screen of cognitive impairment typically used
with older adults
✔✔Mental Disorder - ✔✔"A specific behavior or psychological pattern that is associated
with distress or disability and has a significant risk of pain, disability, or death or a loss
of freedom" (Jarvis, 2012, p. 71).
A response that is: greater or less than expected to the life changing event
Includes:
, organic disorders: b/o brain disease with known organic cause
psychiatric mental illness: in which organic cause is unknown
✔✔Gathereing of subjective and objective information (slides 8-27) - ✔✔Subjective
information may be what the patient says
Objective Info: ABCT
Appearance
Behavior
Cognitive Functions
Thought Processes and Perceptions
Appearance Additional
Attitude Culture
Behavior Aging
Mood and Affect
Speech
Thought Process
Thought Content
Perceptions
Cognition, LOC (Level of Consciousness: alert, comatose, semi comatose...)
Insight
Judgment
✔✔Know Levels of Consciousness - ✔✔Alert
Lethargic or somnolent - not fully alert, drifts off to sleep when not stimulated, responds
appropriately but slow, fuzzy thinking
Obtunded - difficult to arouse, roused with shout or vigorous shake, groans, confused,
monosyllabic responses, mumbles, needs constant stimulation for marginal
cooperation, appropriate motor responses
Stupor or semi-coma - roused only with pain or persistent shaking, but eyes remain
closed, groans, mumbles, may move restlessly; reflex activity persists, appropriate
motor responses
Coma - completely unconscious, does not awaken, loss of reflex activity, no response to
external stimuli. Light coma- some reflex activity, no purposeful movement; deep coma-
no motor response
✔✔Know Orientation to person, place and time, difference between short and long term
memory - ✔✔Recent, remote - or - short-term, long-term
Recent memory - 3 words at 1, 5, 10 min.
Remote memory is assessed during history taking.
