NSU Pathophysiology Exam Test
Questions with Complete Verified
Solutions 2025-2026 Updated.
What are some ways cells can adapt? - Answer -Size (Atrophy and Hypertrophy)
-Form (Metaplasia)
-Number (Hyperplasia)
What are some ways Atrophy can occur? - Answer 1) Disuse
2)Denervation
3)Inadequate Nutrition
4)Ischemia or lack of blood flow
What are two ways hypertrophy can occur? - Answer 1) Increased Workload
2) Disease ( Compensatory or Pathologic )
What is an example of Pathological Hypertrophy? - Answer Increased size of heart due to
overworking or HTN
What is an example of compensatory Hypertrophy? - Answer Kidney enlargement due to
donating its partner organ
What is Hyperplasia? - Answer Increased number of cells in an organ or tissue
What are two types of Physiologic Hyperplasia? - Answer 1) Hormonal
2) Compensatory
What is an example of Compensatory Hyperplasia? - Answer Regeneration of the liver after a
partial hepatectomy
What is an example of Physiologic Hyperplasia? - Answer Uterine enlargement from
pregnancy from estrogen stimulation
What is an example of Non-Physiological Hyperplasia? - Answer Skin warts due to certain
viruses such as the papillomaviruses
, What is Metaplasia? - Answer A reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by
another cell type
What usually causes Metaplasia to occur? - Answer In response to chronic irritation and
inflammation in which cells that are better able to survive will substitute a more fragile cell type
What is an example of Metaplasia? - Answer Adaptive substitution of stratified squamous
epithelial cells for the ciliated columnar epithelium in the large airways of smokers
What is Dysplasia? - Answer Deranged cell growth of a specific tissue that results in varying
sizes,shapes, and organization. This is also a precursor to cancer.
What is an example of Dysplasia? - Answer Usually found in the meta plastic squamous
epithelium of the respiratory tract and uterine cervix.
Is Dysplasia reversible? - Answer Dysplasia is abnormal but it is adaptive in that it is
potentially reversible once the irritating cause has been removed
What is intracellular Accumulation? - Answer The buildup of substances that cells cannot
immediately use or eliminate
What are the three categories intracellular accumulations can be grouped into? - Answer 1)
Normal Body substances
2)Abnormal endogenous products
3)Exogenous Products
What are some examples of Normal Body Substances? - Answer Lipids, Proteins,
Carbohydrates, Melanin, and Bilirubine that are present in abnormal amounts.
Example 2 : Jaundice due to the retention of bilirubin and endogenous bile pigment.
What is an example of Abnormal endogenous products? - Answer Results from inborn errors
of metabolism.
Example : Genetic disorders that affect glycogen metabolism, most which lead to the
accumulation of intracellular glycogen stores.
Questions with Complete Verified
Solutions 2025-2026 Updated.
What are some ways cells can adapt? - Answer -Size (Atrophy and Hypertrophy)
-Form (Metaplasia)
-Number (Hyperplasia)
What are some ways Atrophy can occur? - Answer 1) Disuse
2)Denervation
3)Inadequate Nutrition
4)Ischemia or lack of blood flow
What are two ways hypertrophy can occur? - Answer 1) Increased Workload
2) Disease ( Compensatory or Pathologic )
What is an example of Pathological Hypertrophy? - Answer Increased size of heart due to
overworking or HTN
What is an example of compensatory Hypertrophy? - Answer Kidney enlargement due to
donating its partner organ
What is Hyperplasia? - Answer Increased number of cells in an organ or tissue
What are two types of Physiologic Hyperplasia? - Answer 1) Hormonal
2) Compensatory
What is an example of Compensatory Hyperplasia? - Answer Regeneration of the liver after a
partial hepatectomy
What is an example of Physiologic Hyperplasia? - Answer Uterine enlargement from
pregnancy from estrogen stimulation
What is an example of Non-Physiological Hyperplasia? - Answer Skin warts due to certain
viruses such as the papillomaviruses
, What is Metaplasia? - Answer A reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by
another cell type
What usually causes Metaplasia to occur? - Answer In response to chronic irritation and
inflammation in which cells that are better able to survive will substitute a more fragile cell type
What is an example of Metaplasia? - Answer Adaptive substitution of stratified squamous
epithelial cells for the ciliated columnar epithelium in the large airways of smokers
What is Dysplasia? - Answer Deranged cell growth of a specific tissue that results in varying
sizes,shapes, and organization. This is also a precursor to cancer.
What is an example of Dysplasia? - Answer Usually found in the meta plastic squamous
epithelium of the respiratory tract and uterine cervix.
Is Dysplasia reversible? - Answer Dysplasia is abnormal but it is adaptive in that it is
potentially reversible once the irritating cause has been removed
What is intracellular Accumulation? - Answer The buildup of substances that cells cannot
immediately use or eliminate
What are the three categories intracellular accumulations can be grouped into? - Answer 1)
Normal Body substances
2)Abnormal endogenous products
3)Exogenous Products
What are some examples of Normal Body Substances? - Answer Lipids, Proteins,
Carbohydrates, Melanin, and Bilirubine that are present in abnormal amounts.
Example 2 : Jaundice due to the retention of bilirubin and endogenous bile pigment.
What is an example of Abnormal endogenous products? - Answer Results from inborn errors
of metabolism.
Example : Genetic disorders that affect glycogen metabolism, most which lead to the
accumulation of intracellular glycogen stores.
