NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA
Exam 1 (Latest Update) Real
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What can Reactive Oxygen Species Heart disease, Alzheimers, Parkinsons,
cause? Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), CV disease,
HTN, HLD, DM, ischemic heart disease, HF, OSA.
Lipid perioxidation, damage proteins, fragment
DNA, less protein synthesis, chromatin
destruction, damage mitochondria
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, 2/14/26, 5:42 PM NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA Exam 1 (Latest Update) Real Questions and Verified Answers | 100…
How are free radicals produced? 1. Normal cellular respiration
2. Absorption of extreme energy sources
(radiation, UV light)
3. Metabolism of exogenous chemicals, drugs,
and pesticides
4. Transition of metals
5. Nitric oxide acting like a chemical mediator
and a free radical
What is the body's defense against Antioxidants (Vitamin E, Vitamin C, cysteine,
ROS? glutathione, albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin)
action potential Process of conducting an impulse. Activates the
neuron --> the neuron depolarizes --> then
repolarizes
Threshold potential Point at which depolarization must reach in order
to initiate an action potential
Hypokalemia and action potentials HYPERpolarized (more negative, ex. -100). Less
excitable. Decreased neuromuscular excitability:
weakness, smooth muscle atony, paresthesia,
cardiac dysrhythmias
Hyperkalemia and action potentials HYPOpolarized (more positive, ex: closer to 0).
More excitable. Peaked T waves.
When resting membrane potential=threshold
potential, it is BAD = cardiac standstill,
paresthesia, paralysis
Hypocalcemia and action Increased permeability to Na+. More excitable.
potentials Tetany, hyperreflexia, circumoral paresthesia,
seizures, dysrhythmias.
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