NBME CBSE REAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS LATEST 2026 COMPLETE
EXAM USMLE STEP 1 MEDICAL
EXAMINATION TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS 2026 EXAMINATION TEST
⩥ Levels increased in Carcinoid syndrome. Answer: *5-HIAA* in urine
high histamine, VIP
*5HT, Bradykinin, PGE*
**LOW NIACIN
⩥ Tx Carcinoid syndrome. Answer: *Octreotide*
(somatostatin w longer t1/2)
⩥ Gastrin is from. Answer: G cells
⩥ Gastrin causes. Answer: mucosal growth
H secretion from parietal
⩥ Gastrin released due to. Answer: Vagal (GRP)
Phenylalanine
,Distension
⩥ Secretin is from. Answer: S cells
⩥ Secretin causes. Answer: *HCO3* = increase pH (pancreas)
*Bile* excretion
⩥ Secretin is released due to. Answer: low pH
fatty acid
⩥ Pepsin is from. Answer: Chief cells
⩥ Pepsin is released due to. Answer: Vagal (ACh)
low pH
*(digest protein)*
⩥ Gastric acid is from. Answer: Parietal cells
⩥ Gastric acid is released due to. Answer: Gastrin: *CCKb-R*
--> ECL/mast
--> *histamine* (cAMP)
,Vagal (*ACh*)
⩥ Somatostatin is from. Answer: D cells
(INHIBITS gastric acid &
pancreatic/gb contraction)
⩥ Somatostatin action. Answer: Inhibit gastric acid and pancreatic/gb
contraction
⩥ Somatostatin is released due to. Answer: Low pH, Vagal
(inhibit gastric acid & panc/gb contraction)
⩥ Cholecystokinin is from. Answer: I cells (duodenum)
⩥ Cholecystokinin causes. Answer: pancreatic/gb contraction
⩥ CCK is released due to. Answer: fatty acids and aa
⩥ VIP causes. Answer: *increase pH* via H2O/e excretion
Relax sphincter
, ⩥ NO in GI causes. Answer: relaxation of LES
⩥ Ghrelin causes. Answer: increased appetitie
⩥ GIP/GLP is released from. Answer: L cells
⩥ GIP/GLP causes. Answer: Dexcrease H
Increase insulin
⩥ Acute gastritis is caused by. Answer: *NSAID* (low PGE2 in PMN)
*Burns *= Curling (hypovolemic)
*Brain *= Cushing (high *Vagal*, ACh)
⩥ H pylori gastritis is located. Answer: antrum
⩥ H pylori gastritis increases risk for. Answer: MALT or
adenocarcinoma
⩥ H pylori gastritis histo. Answer: patchy infiltrate + multifocal atrophy
⩥ Autoimmune gastritis is located. Answer: body/fundus
AND ANSWERS LATEST 2026 COMPLETE
EXAM USMLE STEP 1 MEDICAL
EXAMINATION TEST PAPER QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS 2026 EXAMINATION TEST
⩥ Levels increased in Carcinoid syndrome. Answer: *5-HIAA* in urine
high histamine, VIP
*5HT, Bradykinin, PGE*
**LOW NIACIN
⩥ Tx Carcinoid syndrome. Answer: *Octreotide*
(somatostatin w longer t1/2)
⩥ Gastrin is from. Answer: G cells
⩥ Gastrin causes. Answer: mucosal growth
H secretion from parietal
⩥ Gastrin released due to. Answer: Vagal (GRP)
Phenylalanine
,Distension
⩥ Secretin is from. Answer: S cells
⩥ Secretin causes. Answer: *HCO3* = increase pH (pancreas)
*Bile* excretion
⩥ Secretin is released due to. Answer: low pH
fatty acid
⩥ Pepsin is from. Answer: Chief cells
⩥ Pepsin is released due to. Answer: Vagal (ACh)
low pH
*(digest protein)*
⩥ Gastric acid is from. Answer: Parietal cells
⩥ Gastric acid is released due to. Answer: Gastrin: *CCKb-R*
--> ECL/mast
--> *histamine* (cAMP)
,Vagal (*ACh*)
⩥ Somatostatin is from. Answer: D cells
(INHIBITS gastric acid &
pancreatic/gb contraction)
⩥ Somatostatin action. Answer: Inhibit gastric acid and pancreatic/gb
contraction
⩥ Somatostatin is released due to. Answer: Low pH, Vagal
(inhibit gastric acid & panc/gb contraction)
⩥ Cholecystokinin is from. Answer: I cells (duodenum)
⩥ Cholecystokinin causes. Answer: pancreatic/gb contraction
⩥ CCK is released due to. Answer: fatty acids and aa
⩥ VIP causes. Answer: *increase pH* via H2O/e excretion
Relax sphincter
, ⩥ NO in GI causes. Answer: relaxation of LES
⩥ Ghrelin causes. Answer: increased appetitie
⩥ GIP/GLP is released from. Answer: L cells
⩥ GIP/GLP causes. Answer: Dexcrease H
Increase insulin
⩥ Acute gastritis is caused by. Answer: *NSAID* (low PGE2 in PMN)
*Burns *= Curling (hypovolemic)
*Brain *= Cushing (high *Vagal*, ACh)
⩥ H pylori gastritis is located. Answer: antrum
⩥ H pylori gastritis increases risk for. Answer: MALT or
adenocarcinoma
⩥ H pylori gastritis histo. Answer: patchy infiltrate + multifocal atrophy
⩥ Autoimmune gastritis is located. Answer: body/fundus
