BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab |
Module 7 Exam Review 70+ Questions and Answers -
Summary | LockDown Browser | Portage Learning
Gross Anatomy and Histology
1. In a patient with retroperitoneal fibrosis, consider the protective layers
around the kidney. Referring to the image below, which layer, labeled as
the outermost dense connective tissue anchoring the kidney to surrounding
structures, is primarily affected, leading to ureteral obstruction, and how
does its composition of collagen and elastin contribute to hydronephrosis if
inflamed?
wtcs.pressbooks.pub
,15.3 Anatomy of the Urinary System – General Anatomy & Physiology
a. Renal capsule; direct compression of calyces
b. Perirenal fat; cushioning loss causing mobility
c. Renal fascia; fibrotic encasement impairing drainage
d. Pararenal fat; adipose inflammation spreading to pelvis
Correct Answer :- c. Renal fascia; fibrotic encasement impairing drainage
Explanation: The renal fascia secures the kidney; inflammation (e.g., idiopathic or
secondary) causes scarring, compressing ureters and leading to backpressure
hydronephrosis. Collagen provides strength, elastin flexibility—excess collagen in
fibrosis stiffens it. Compare to renal capsule (fibrous, protective against trauma)
vs. fat pads (shock absorption). Clinically, CT shows "enveloped" kidneys;
treatment involves ureterolysis.
2. Examining a coronal section of the kidney in autopsy, as shown in the
image, which structure, labeled as the funnel-shaped expansion where
minor calyces converge, collects urine from papillary ducts, and what
physiological role does its smooth muscle play in preventing reflux during
peristalsis if a stone lodges here causing colic?
,en.wikipedia.org
Kidney - Wikipedia
a. Renal medulla; osmotic concentration
b. Renal pelvis; propulsive contractions
c. Major calyx; filtration barrier
d. Renal column; vascular support
Correct Answer :- b. Renal pelvis; propulsive contractions Explanation: The renal
pelvis funnels urine to the ureter; its muscular wall generates peristaltic waves (3-
5/min) to propel urine, preventing stasis/reflux. Obstruction (nephrolithiasis)
distends it, triggering visceral pain via afferents. Rotation: Contrast with calyces
(collect from papillae) or pyramids (contain loops of Henle for concentration).
Clinically, US detects dilation; risk of pyelonephritis if untreated.
, 3. In polycystic kidney disease (PKD), cysts arise from tubular epithelium.
Referring to the histology image below, which region, labeled as the outer
zone with glomeruli and convoluted tubules, is initially affected by ADPKD
mutations in PKD1/PKD2 genes disrupting ciliary function, leading to fluid-
filled sacs and hypertension?
basicmedicalkey.com
URINARY SYSTEM | Basicmedical Key
a. Renal medulla; countercurrent disruption
b. Renal cortex; nephron dilation
c. Renal papilla; collecting duct blockage
d. Renal sinus; vascular compression
Module 7 Exam Review 70+ Questions and Answers -
Summary | LockDown Browser | Portage Learning
Gross Anatomy and Histology
1. In a patient with retroperitoneal fibrosis, consider the protective layers
around the kidney. Referring to the image below, which layer, labeled as
the outermost dense connective tissue anchoring the kidney to surrounding
structures, is primarily affected, leading to ureteral obstruction, and how
does its composition of collagen and elastin contribute to hydronephrosis if
inflamed?
wtcs.pressbooks.pub
,15.3 Anatomy of the Urinary System – General Anatomy & Physiology
a. Renal capsule; direct compression of calyces
b. Perirenal fat; cushioning loss causing mobility
c. Renal fascia; fibrotic encasement impairing drainage
d. Pararenal fat; adipose inflammation spreading to pelvis
Correct Answer :- c. Renal fascia; fibrotic encasement impairing drainage
Explanation: The renal fascia secures the kidney; inflammation (e.g., idiopathic or
secondary) causes scarring, compressing ureters and leading to backpressure
hydronephrosis. Collagen provides strength, elastin flexibility—excess collagen in
fibrosis stiffens it. Compare to renal capsule (fibrous, protective against trauma)
vs. fat pads (shock absorption). Clinically, CT shows "enveloped" kidneys;
treatment involves ureterolysis.
2. Examining a coronal section of the kidney in autopsy, as shown in the
image, which structure, labeled as the funnel-shaped expansion where
minor calyces converge, collects urine from papillary ducts, and what
physiological role does its smooth muscle play in preventing reflux during
peristalsis if a stone lodges here causing colic?
,en.wikipedia.org
Kidney - Wikipedia
a. Renal medulla; osmotic concentration
b. Renal pelvis; propulsive contractions
c. Major calyx; filtration barrier
d. Renal column; vascular support
Correct Answer :- b. Renal pelvis; propulsive contractions Explanation: The renal
pelvis funnels urine to the ureter; its muscular wall generates peristaltic waves (3-
5/min) to propel urine, preventing stasis/reflux. Obstruction (nephrolithiasis)
distends it, triggering visceral pain via afferents. Rotation: Contrast with calyces
(collect from papillae) or pyramids (contain loops of Henle for concentration).
Clinically, US detects dilation; risk of pyelonephritis if untreated.
, 3. In polycystic kidney disease (PKD), cysts arise from tubular epithelium.
Referring to the histology image below, which region, labeled as the outer
zone with glomeruli and convoluted tubules, is initially affected by ADPKD
mutations in PKD1/PKD2 genes disrupting ciliary function, leading to fluid-
filled sacs and hypertension?
basicmedicalkey.com
URINARY SYSTEM | Basicmedical Key
a. Renal medulla; countercurrent disruption
b. Renal cortex; nephron dilation
c. Renal papilla; collecting duct blockage
d. Renal sinus; vascular compression
