BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology II w/Lab |
Module 4 Exam Review 70+ Questions and Answers -
Summary | LockDown Browser | Portage Learning
Lymphatic Anatomy and Histology
50 High-Difficulty Practice Questions for Module 4
BLOOD VESSEL ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY (Questions 1-8)
Question 1
Which tunic of a blood vessel is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction
and vasodilation?
A) Tunica intima (endothelium)
B) Tunica media (smooth muscle)
C) Tunica adventitia (externa)
D) Basement membrane
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Tunica media contains smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
Sympathetic stimulation causes smooth muscle contraction
(vasoconstriction), while relaxation causes vasodilation. Tunica intima (A)
provides a smooth surface. Tunica adventitia (C) provides structural support
and anchoring.
,Question 2
Which vessel type has the largest lumen relative to wall thickness and
contains valves?
A) Elastic artery
B) Muscular artery
C) Arteriole
D) Vein
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Veins have thinner walls, larger lumens, and contain valves to
prevent backflow of blood against gravity. Elastic arteries (A) have thick
walls with elastic lamellae. Muscular arteries (B) distribute blood to organs.
Arterioles (C) are resistance vessels.
Question 3
Continuous capillaries differ from fenestrated capillaries in that continuous
capillaries:
A) Have pores in their endothelial lining
B) Have a complete endothelial lining with tight junctions
C) Are found in liver and bone marrow
D) Allow passage of large proteins
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Continuous capillaries have uninterrupted endothelium with
tight junctions; they are found in muscle, skin, lung, and CNS (blood-brain
barrier). Fenestrated capillaries (A) have pores for rapid exchange in
kidneys, intestines, endocrine glands. Sinusoidal capillaries (C, D) have large
gaps and are found in liver, spleen, bone marrow.
,Question 4
Which statement correctly compares elastic and muscular arteries?
A) Elastic arteries are farther from the heart; muscular arteries are closer
B) Elastic arteries have more smooth muscle; muscular arteries have more
elastic tissue
C) Elastic arteries have more elastic tissue; muscular arteries have more
smooth muscle
D) Both have equal proportions of elastic and smooth muscle
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Elastic arteries (aorta, pulmonary trunk, major branches) are
closer to heart and have more elastic tissue to dampen pressure
fluctuations (Windkessel effect). Muscular arteries (distributing arteries)
have more smooth muscle for vasoconstriction/dilation.
Question 5
The largest resistance to blood flow occurs in which vessels?
A) Elastic arteries
B) Muscular arteries
C) Arterioles
D) Capillaries
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Arterioles are the primary resistance vessels due to their small
diameter and significant smooth muscle. They regulate blood flow into
capillary beds and systemic blood pressure. Capillaries (D) have high cross-
sectional area and low resistance.
, Question 6
Vasa vasorum are found in the walls of:
A) Capillaries
B) Venules
C) Large arteries and veins
D) Arterioles
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Vasa vasorum ("vessels of vessels") are small arteries that
supply blood to the outer layers of large arteries and veins (tunica
adventitia and outer media), as diffusion from lumen is insufficient.
Question 7
Which of the following is NOT a function of the endothelium (tunica
intima)?
A) Provide a smooth surface to reduce friction
B) Produce vasoactive substances (NO, endothelin)
C) Maintain selective permeability
D) Provide structural support via collagen
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Structural support via collagen is primarily a function of tunica
adventitia. Endothelium provides smooth surface (A), produces vasoactive
substances (B) like nitric oxide (vasodilator) and endothelin
(vasoconstrictor), and regulates permeability (C).
Question 8
Module 4 Exam Review 70+ Questions and Answers -
Summary | LockDown Browser | Portage Learning
Lymphatic Anatomy and Histology
50 High-Difficulty Practice Questions for Module 4
BLOOD VESSEL ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY (Questions 1-8)
Question 1
Which tunic of a blood vessel is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction
and vasodilation?
A) Tunica intima (endothelium)
B) Tunica media (smooth muscle)
C) Tunica adventitia (externa)
D) Basement membrane
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Tunica media contains smooth muscle and elastic fibers.
Sympathetic stimulation causes smooth muscle contraction
(vasoconstriction), while relaxation causes vasodilation. Tunica intima (A)
provides a smooth surface. Tunica adventitia (C) provides structural support
and anchoring.
,Question 2
Which vessel type has the largest lumen relative to wall thickness and
contains valves?
A) Elastic artery
B) Muscular artery
C) Arteriole
D) Vein
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Veins have thinner walls, larger lumens, and contain valves to
prevent backflow of blood against gravity. Elastic arteries (A) have thick
walls with elastic lamellae. Muscular arteries (B) distribute blood to organs.
Arterioles (C) are resistance vessels.
Question 3
Continuous capillaries differ from fenestrated capillaries in that continuous
capillaries:
A) Have pores in their endothelial lining
B) Have a complete endothelial lining with tight junctions
C) Are found in liver and bone marrow
D) Allow passage of large proteins
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Continuous capillaries have uninterrupted endothelium with
tight junctions; they are found in muscle, skin, lung, and CNS (blood-brain
barrier). Fenestrated capillaries (A) have pores for rapid exchange in
kidneys, intestines, endocrine glands. Sinusoidal capillaries (C, D) have large
gaps and are found in liver, spleen, bone marrow.
,Question 4
Which statement correctly compares elastic and muscular arteries?
A) Elastic arteries are farther from the heart; muscular arteries are closer
B) Elastic arteries have more smooth muscle; muscular arteries have more
elastic tissue
C) Elastic arteries have more elastic tissue; muscular arteries have more
smooth muscle
D) Both have equal proportions of elastic and smooth muscle
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Elastic arteries (aorta, pulmonary trunk, major branches) are
closer to heart and have more elastic tissue to dampen pressure
fluctuations (Windkessel effect). Muscular arteries (distributing arteries)
have more smooth muscle for vasoconstriction/dilation.
Question 5
The largest resistance to blood flow occurs in which vessels?
A) Elastic arteries
B) Muscular arteries
C) Arterioles
D) Capillaries
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Arterioles are the primary resistance vessels due to their small
diameter and significant smooth muscle. They regulate blood flow into
capillary beds and systemic blood pressure. Capillaries (D) have high cross-
sectional area and low resistance.
, Question 6
Vasa vasorum are found in the walls of:
A) Capillaries
B) Venules
C) Large arteries and veins
D) Arterioles
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Vasa vasorum ("vessels of vessels") are small arteries that
supply blood to the outer layers of large arteries and veins (tunica
adventitia and outer media), as diffusion from lumen is insufficient.
Question 7
Which of the following is NOT a function of the endothelium (tunica
intima)?
A) Provide a smooth surface to reduce friction
B) Produce vasoactive substances (NO, endothelin)
C) Maintain selective permeability
D) Provide structural support via collagen
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Structural support via collagen is primarily a function of tunica
adventitia. Endothelium provides smooth surface (A), produces vasoactive
substances (B) like nitric oxide (vasodilator) and endothelin
(vasoconstrictor), and regulates permeability (C).
Question 8
