ABFM\ American Board of Family Medicine Care of Children
Study Guide | Questions And Correct Answers Rated A+ |
Latest 2026\2027 Guide
You see a 7-year-old female for a well child visit. She is 127 cm (50 in) tall. Her father
asks about the most appropriate seating for his daughter when she is riding in an
automobile. You tell him she should sit in the
A. rear passenger seat, using the lap and shoulder belt alone
B. rear passenger seat on a belt-positioning booster seat, using the lap and shoulder
belt
C. rear passenger seat in a forward-facing child seat, using the seat's five-point belts
D. rear center seat on a belt-positioning booster seat, using the lap belt only
E. front passenger seat on a belt-positioning booster seat, using the lap and shoulder
belt
-CORRECT ANSWER-B
Safety advocates have dubbed the age group between 4 and 8 years the "forgotten
child" when it comes to car safety restraints. While child seat use is mandated for
infants and children, many states do not require the use of child-appropriate safety
restraint devices for the upper end of this age group. All children whose weight or height
is above the forward-facing limit for their car safety seat should use a belt-positioning
booster seat until the lap and shoulder belt of the car fits properly.
Seat belts are designed for use by adults. In children, lap belts normally fall over the
abdomen instead of the pelvis, and shoulder straps normally fit over the neck or face
instead of the mid-sternum and shoulder. Because seat belts don't fit children correctly,
their use can result in significant injuries, referred to as "seat belt syndrome."
Belt-positioning booster seats are designed to ensure that a vehicle's standard lap and
shoulder belts will fit an older child properly. In fact, their use has been shown to result
in a 59% decrease in crash-related injuries, compared to the use of seat belts alone.
These boosters are designed to work with both the lap and shoulder belt and should
never be used with the lap belt alone. They function by positioning the child so that both
the lap and shoulder portions of the vehicle's belts fit properly. The lap portion should fit
low across the hips and pelvis and the shoulder portion should fit across the middle of
the shoulder and chest. The use of belt-positioning booster seats is recommended for
all children until they are tall enough for an adult seat belt to fit them properly, which is
usually a height of at least 145 cm (57 in).
,The rear seat is always the safest place for children, who can be seriously injured even
in minor accidents when an airbag deploys. Rear-faci
The mother of a 4-year-old male brings him to your office for a well child visit. She had
an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery, and his newborn, infant, and early childhood
growth and development have been progressing normally without significant illness.
Both parents were diagnosed with hypertension as adults. Which one of the following
statements is true regarding current American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for
screening for hypertension in children younger than age 13?
A. The incidence of hypertension in children has been stable over the past 30 years
B. Screening for elevated blood pressure should begin annually at 3 years of age in
healthy children and at every visit in children with risk factors
C. Children with hypertension are less likely to have secondary hypertension than adults
with hypertension
D. Blood pressure should be measured in the left arm only
-CORRECT ANSWER-B
Hypertension in children is increasing in prevalence as overweight and obesity increase.
Along with this trend, primary hypertension is now the most common cause of elevated
blood pressure in children, although a child with high blood pressure is significantly
more likely than an adult to have secondary hypertension.
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the American Academy of Family
Physicians have cited insufficient evidence to recommend screening for high blood
pressure in average-risk children. In 2017, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
published new clinical practice guidelines, based on expert opinion, which
recommended annual screening for elevated blood pressure starting at 3 years of age
in healthy children and at every visit in children with risk factors (e.g., obesity, known
kidney disease, aortic arch obstruction, coarctation of the aorta, or diabetes mellitus).
The AAP guidelines rely on suggested screening thresholds and percentile-based
diagnostic tables for children under the age of 13. These guidelines also update the
2004 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Fourth Report on the Diagnosis,
Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents by
replacing the term "prehypertension" with "elevated blood pressure," utilizing new
pediatric blood pressure tables based on children with a normal weight, providing a
screening table for identifying blood pressures that need further evaluation, simplifying
the classification of blood pressures in adolescents to align with adult blood pressure
guidelines, and streamlining recommendations for the initial evaluation and
management of abnormal blood pressures. The AAP updated categories of normal and
elevated blood pressures for children ages 1 to 12 are shown with corresponding stages
, below:
Normal blood pres
A healthy 5-year-old male is brought to your office by his mother for a well child visit. His
birth history and past medical history reveal no concerns and his immunizations are up
to date. The mother has no specific concerns.For patients such as this, the U.S.
Preventive Services Task Force recommends routine screening for
A. hypertension
B. proteinuria
C. scoliosis
D. vision problems
-CORRECT ANSWER-D
Although there is no direct evidence demonstrating that vision screening in children
leads to an improvement in ultimate visual acuity, various screening tests are known to
be effective in detecting common childhood visual problems. Addressing these
problems does improve vision. Therefore, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
(USPSTF) recommends that screening be offered at least once in all children 3-5 years
of age to detect amblyopia, strabismus, and defects in visual acuity (B
recommendation). Age-appropriate screening tools, such as the Snellen, Lea Symbols,
and HOTV charts, may be used in children older than 3 years of age. Additional tests
that can be considered in the primary care office include the red reflex test, the cover-
uncover test for strabismus, and the corneal light reflex test. While the USPSTF
recommendations do not address screening beyond age 5, the American Academy of
Pediatrics recommends starting vision screening around age 3 and annual screening at
well child visits at ages 4, 5, and 6. Subsequent screenings are suggested for children
and adolescents at ages 8, 10, 12, and 15.
In 2020, the USPSTF updated its 2013 recommendation for blood pressure screening of
children and adolescents 3-18 years of age who are asymptomatic and not known to
have hypertension. They concluded that current evidence was insufficient to
recommend regular screening in this population.The USPSTF has no recommendation
regarding routine urinalysis as a screening test for children. In 2007, the American
Academy of Pediatrics removed routine screening urinalysis from the list of
recommended screenings for asymptomatic children and adolescents, based on limited
evidence that detection of abnormalities in childhood improves long-term outcomes. It
can also lead to false positives and associated costly, invasive
As part of a well child visit for a 3-year-old female, you talk with the mother about
effective dental care. Which one of the following would be appropriate to include in this
conversation?
Study Guide | Questions And Correct Answers Rated A+ |
Latest 2026\2027 Guide
You see a 7-year-old female for a well child visit. She is 127 cm (50 in) tall. Her father
asks about the most appropriate seating for his daughter when she is riding in an
automobile. You tell him she should sit in the
A. rear passenger seat, using the lap and shoulder belt alone
B. rear passenger seat on a belt-positioning booster seat, using the lap and shoulder
belt
C. rear passenger seat in a forward-facing child seat, using the seat's five-point belts
D. rear center seat on a belt-positioning booster seat, using the lap belt only
E. front passenger seat on a belt-positioning booster seat, using the lap and shoulder
belt
-CORRECT ANSWER-B
Safety advocates have dubbed the age group between 4 and 8 years the "forgotten
child" when it comes to car safety restraints. While child seat use is mandated for
infants and children, many states do not require the use of child-appropriate safety
restraint devices for the upper end of this age group. All children whose weight or height
is above the forward-facing limit for their car safety seat should use a belt-positioning
booster seat until the lap and shoulder belt of the car fits properly.
Seat belts are designed for use by adults. In children, lap belts normally fall over the
abdomen instead of the pelvis, and shoulder straps normally fit over the neck or face
instead of the mid-sternum and shoulder. Because seat belts don't fit children correctly,
their use can result in significant injuries, referred to as "seat belt syndrome."
Belt-positioning booster seats are designed to ensure that a vehicle's standard lap and
shoulder belts will fit an older child properly. In fact, their use has been shown to result
in a 59% decrease in crash-related injuries, compared to the use of seat belts alone.
These boosters are designed to work with both the lap and shoulder belt and should
never be used with the lap belt alone. They function by positioning the child so that both
the lap and shoulder portions of the vehicle's belts fit properly. The lap portion should fit
low across the hips and pelvis and the shoulder portion should fit across the middle of
the shoulder and chest. The use of belt-positioning booster seats is recommended for
all children until they are tall enough for an adult seat belt to fit them properly, which is
usually a height of at least 145 cm (57 in).
,The rear seat is always the safest place for children, who can be seriously injured even
in minor accidents when an airbag deploys. Rear-faci
The mother of a 4-year-old male brings him to your office for a well child visit. She had
an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery, and his newborn, infant, and early childhood
growth and development have been progressing normally without significant illness.
Both parents were diagnosed with hypertension as adults. Which one of the following
statements is true regarding current American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for
screening for hypertension in children younger than age 13?
A. The incidence of hypertension in children has been stable over the past 30 years
B. Screening for elevated blood pressure should begin annually at 3 years of age in
healthy children and at every visit in children with risk factors
C. Children with hypertension are less likely to have secondary hypertension than adults
with hypertension
D. Blood pressure should be measured in the left arm only
-CORRECT ANSWER-B
Hypertension in children is increasing in prevalence as overweight and obesity increase.
Along with this trend, primary hypertension is now the most common cause of elevated
blood pressure in children, although a child with high blood pressure is significantly
more likely than an adult to have secondary hypertension.
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the American Academy of Family
Physicians have cited insufficient evidence to recommend screening for high blood
pressure in average-risk children. In 2017, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
published new clinical practice guidelines, based on expert opinion, which
recommended annual screening for elevated blood pressure starting at 3 years of age
in healthy children and at every visit in children with risk factors (e.g., obesity, known
kidney disease, aortic arch obstruction, coarctation of the aorta, or diabetes mellitus).
The AAP guidelines rely on suggested screening thresholds and percentile-based
diagnostic tables for children under the age of 13. These guidelines also update the
2004 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Fourth Report on the Diagnosis,
Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents by
replacing the term "prehypertension" with "elevated blood pressure," utilizing new
pediatric blood pressure tables based on children with a normal weight, providing a
screening table for identifying blood pressures that need further evaluation, simplifying
the classification of blood pressures in adolescents to align with adult blood pressure
guidelines, and streamlining recommendations for the initial evaluation and
management of abnormal blood pressures. The AAP updated categories of normal and
elevated blood pressures for children ages 1 to 12 are shown with corresponding stages
, below:
Normal blood pres
A healthy 5-year-old male is brought to your office by his mother for a well child visit. His
birth history and past medical history reveal no concerns and his immunizations are up
to date. The mother has no specific concerns.For patients such as this, the U.S.
Preventive Services Task Force recommends routine screening for
A. hypertension
B. proteinuria
C. scoliosis
D. vision problems
-CORRECT ANSWER-D
Although there is no direct evidence demonstrating that vision screening in children
leads to an improvement in ultimate visual acuity, various screening tests are known to
be effective in detecting common childhood visual problems. Addressing these
problems does improve vision. Therefore, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
(USPSTF) recommends that screening be offered at least once in all children 3-5 years
of age to detect amblyopia, strabismus, and defects in visual acuity (B
recommendation). Age-appropriate screening tools, such as the Snellen, Lea Symbols,
and HOTV charts, may be used in children older than 3 years of age. Additional tests
that can be considered in the primary care office include the red reflex test, the cover-
uncover test for strabismus, and the corneal light reflex test. While the USPSTF
recommendations do not address screening beyond age 5, the American Academy of
Pediatrics recommends starting vision screening around age 3 and annual screening at
well child visits at ages 4, 5, and 6. Subsequent screenings are suggested for children
and adolescents at ages 8, 10, 12, and 15.
In 2020, the USPSTF updated its 2013 recommendation for blood pressure screening of
children and adolescents 3-18 years of age who are asymptomatic and not known to
have hypertension. They concluded that current evidence was insufficient to
recommend regular screening in this population.The USPSTF has no recommendation
regarding routine urinalysis as a screening test for children. In 2007, the American
Academy of Pediatrics removed routine screening urinalysis from the list of
recommended screenings for asymptomatic children and adolescents, based on limited
evidence that detection of abnormalities in childhood improves long-term outcomes. It
can also lead to false positives and associated costly, invasive
As part of a well child visit for a 3-year-old female, you talk with the mother about
effective dental care. Which one of the following would be appropriate to include in this
conversation?
