BMCB 658 EXAM 1 WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
Amino Acid Structure correct answer Central carbon atom is
bonded to a carboxyl group, an amino group, a hydrogen, and the
R group
Carbohydrates Structure correct answer -Compounds made up
of carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen
-General formula - (CH2O)n, where n is at least 3
Nucleotides Structure correct answer Composed of a five-
carbon sugar, a nitrogen- containing ring, and one or more
phosphate groups
Lipids Structure correct answer -Poorly soluble in water
because they are composed of long chains of hydrocarbons
Functional Groups correct answer Group of atoms that give
rise to characteristic reactions of organic compounds
Spontaneous Reaction correct answer the change in free
energy is negative (free energy decreases)
NonSpontaneous Reaction correct answer -the change is
positive (free energy increases)
,-reaction will not occur unless energy is supplied from an external
source
∆G correct answer -free energy
-indicates the direction of the reaction
∆G < 0 correct answer spontaneous exergonic
∆G > 0 correct answer non-spontaneous endergonic
∆G = 0 correct answer at equilibrium
ΔG=ΔH−TΔS correct answer -ΔH is changes in enthalpy
-ΔS is the changes in entropy
-ΔG is the changes in free energy
-T is the temperature
enthalpy correct answer Heat of a reaction at constant
pressure
intramolecular forces correct answer -holds atoms together
-strong
-includes covalent and ionic bonds
intermolecular forces correct answer -forces between
molecules
,-weak
-includes van der waals, dipole-dipole, dispersion, hydrogen, and
ion dipole
Nonpolar Covalent Bond correct answer electrons shared
equally
polar covalent bond correct answer -electrons shared
unequally
-Formed because of the difference in electronegativity of atoms
involved in the bond
ionic bond correct answer electron transferred
electronegativity correct answer Measure of the force of an
atom's attraction for electrons it shares in a chemical bond with
another atom
Intermolecular forces strongest to weakest
1=strongest
4=weakest correct answer 1. Ion Dipole
2. Hydrogen Bonding
3. Dipole-dipole
4. Dispersion
Van Der Waals Forces correct answer -Dispersion and Dipole-
dipole forces
, -Noncovalent interaction between electrically neutral molecules
London Dispersion Force correct answer -Results of
fluctuations in the electron distribution within molecules or atoms
-Key word: instantaneous or temporary dipole or transient dipole
-Shape affects strength of interaction
Dipole Induced Dipole Bonds correct answer -Polar water is
able to distort the electron cloud of a nonpolar molecule, like
oxygen, creating a momentary dipole
-Once the dipole is created, water is attracted to it.
Dipole-Dipole Interactions correct answer -Forces that occur
between molecules that are dipoles
-Partial positive side of a molecule attracts the partial negative
side of another molecule
Ion-Dipole Interactions correct answer -Occur when ions in
solution interact with molecules that have dipoles
-ex. KCl dissolved in water
Hydrogen Bonding correct answer - When a very
electronegative atom is bonded to hydrogen, it strongly pulls the
bonding electrons toward it
- N, O, F
-The exposed proton acts as a very strong center of positive
charge, attracting all the electron clouds from neighboring
molecules
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
Amino Acid Structure correct answer Central carbon atom is
bonded to a carboxyl group, an amino group, a hydrogen, and the
R group
Carbohydrates Structure correct answer -Compounds made up
of carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen
-General formula - (CH2O)n, where n is at least 3
Nucleotides Structure correct answer Composed of a five-
carbon sugar, a nitrogen- containing ring, and one or more
phosphate groups
Lipids Structure correct answer -Poorly soluble in water
because they are composed of long chains of hydrocarbons
Functional Groups correct answer Group of atoms that give
rise to characteristic reactions of organic compounds
Spontaneous Reaction correct answer the change in free
energy is negative (free energy decreases)
NonSpontaneous Reaction correct answer -the change is
positive (free energy increases)
,-reaction will not occur unless energy is supplied from an external
source
∆G correct answer -free energy
-indicates the direction of the reaction
∆G < 0 correct answer spontaneous exergonic
∆G > 0 correct answer non-spontaneous endergonic
∆G = 0 correct answer at equilibrium
ΔG=ΔH−TΔS correct answer -ΔH is changes in enthalpy
-ΔS is the changes in entropy
-ΔG is the changes in free energy
-T is the temperature
enthalpy correct answer Heat of a reaction at constant
pressure
intramolecular forces correct answer -holds atoms together
-strong
-includes covalent and ionic bonds
intermolecular forces correct answer -forces between
molecules
,-weak
-includes van der waals, dipole-dipole, dispersion, hydrogen, and
ion dipole
Nonpolar Covalent Bond correct answer electrons shared
equally
polar covalent bond correct answer -electrons shared
unequally
-Formed because of the difference in electronegativity of atoms
involved in the bond
ionic bond correct answer electron transferred
electronegativity correct answer Measure of the force of an
atom's attraction for electrons it shares in a chemical bond with
another atom
Intermolecular forces strongest to weakest
1=strongest
4=weakest correct answer 1. Ion Dipole
2. Hydrogen Bonding
3. Dipole-dipole
4. Dispersion
Van Der Waals Forces correct answer -Dispersion and Dipole-
dipole forces
, -Noncovalent interaction between electrically neutral molecules
London Dispersion Force correct answer -Results of
fluctuations in the electron distribution within molecules or atoms
-Key word: instantaneous or temporary dipole or transient dipole
-Shape affects strength of interaction
Dipole Induced Dipole Bonds correct answer -Polar water is
able to distort the electron cloud of a nonpolar molecule, like
oxygen, creating a momentary dipole
-Once the dipole is created, water is attracted to it.
Dipole-Dipole Interactions correct answer -Forces that occur
between molecules that are dipoles
-Partial positive side of a molecule attracts the partial negative
side of another molecule
Ion-Dipole Interactions correct answer -Occur when ions in
solution interact with molecules that have dipoles
-ex. KCl dissolved in water
Hydrogen Bonding correct answer - When a very
electronegative atom is bonded to hydrogen, it strongly pulls the
bonding electrons toward it
- N, O, F
-The exposed proton acts as a very strong center of positive
charge, attracting all the electron clouds from neighboring
molecules
