1 | Pa ge
PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MODULE 9 EXAM MEDICINE
CERTIFICATION WITH Q&A
2026/2027 LATEST
A 45-year-old obese, sedentary male has recently been diagnosed
with type 2 diabetes. What are 2 strategies to help him normalize
his blood sugars? List 2 other macrovascular complications he is at
risk for and how you would screen for them?
(1) Diet, exercise, and weight loss may be all that they need to control
blood glucose levels. Even moderate weight loss of 5-10% of total body
weight has been shown to improve glucose control. (2) Hypertension
and hyperlipidemia - checking blood pressure and screening with a
serum lipid panel.
Why are foot ulcers such a big problem with diabetics?
vascular damage, decreased sensation from diabetic neuropathy, poor
wound healing, increased risk of bacterial infections from
hyperglycemia.
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If foot wounds are left untreated, they could become infected,
gangrenous, necrotic, and eventually require amputation of toes, feet,
the lower leg, or entire extremity.
The following are each diagnostic of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic
state (HHS) EXCEPT:
ketoacidosis
Which drug therapy for diabetes does not cause hypoglycemia and
has a side effect of weight loss, making it a popular oral
antidiabetic treatment?
biguanides (metformin)
People with diabetes should be followed closely by their health care
provider to monitor glycemic control and be screened regularly for
complications. List 5 ways they should be screened: Your Answer:
Checking weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin
A1C, lipid profile, serum creatinine, microalbumin, foot exam, dilated
eye exams, and dental exam.
Normal fasting blood sugars in people without diabetes are
between _____.
70-100 mg/dL
Page | 2
PORTAGE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MODULE 9 EXAM MEDICINE
CERTIFICATION WITH Q&A
2026/2027 LATEST
A 45-year-old obese, sedentary male has recently been diagnosed
with type 2 diabetes. What are 2 strategies to help him normalize
his blood sugars? List 2 other macrovascular complications he is at
risk for and how you would screen for them?
(1) Diet, exercise, and weight loss may be all that they need to control
blood glucose levels. Even moderate weight loss of 5-10% of total body
weight has been shown to improve glucose control. (2) Hypertension
and hyperlipidemia - checking blood pressure and screening with a
serum lipid panel.
Why are foot ulcers such a big problem with diabetics?
vascular damage, decreased sensation from diabetic neuropathy, poor
wound healing, increased risk of bacterial infections from
hyperglycemia.
Page | 1
, 2 | Pa ge
If foot wounds are left untreated, they could become infected,
gangrenous, necrotic, and eventually require amputation of toes, feet,
the lower leg, or entire extremity.
The following are each diagnostic of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic
state (HHS) EXCEPT:
ketoacidosis
Which drug therapy for diabetes does not cause hypoglycemia and
has a side effect of weight loss, making it a popular oral
antidiabetic treatment?
biguanides (metformin)
People with diabetes should be followed closely by their health care
provider to monitor glycemic control and be screened regularly for
complications. List 5 ways they should be screened: Your Answer:
Checking weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin
A1C, lipid profile, serum creatinine, microalbumin, foot exam, dilated
eye exams, and dental exam.
Normal fasting blood sugars in people without diabetes are
between _____.
70-100 mg/dL
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