Molecular Genetics Review Exam Questions with
Correct Answers
1. codon correct answers: Group of three nitrogenous bases - code for an amino acid
2. anti-codon correct answers: Group of 3 bases found on tRNA
3. tRNA correct answers: Transfers amino acids
4. rRNA correct answers: Makes up ribosomes
5. mRNA correct answers: Single stranded version of a gene; recipe for a protein
6. ribosome correct answers: Makes polypeptides
7. amino acid correct answers: Monomer of a polypeptide
8. DNA polymerase III correct answers: Adds new DNA nucleotides to a replicating DNA
molecule
9. Helicase correct answers: Unizips DNA
10. telomere correct answers: Protects the ends of the chromosomes, when they degrade, the
cell dies.
11. Lac 1 protein correct answers: The protein that binds to the operator in the lac operon to
prevent transcription
12. tryptophan correct answers: This molecule is the corepressor in the trp operon; it binds to
the repressor which then binds to
the operator
13. transcription correct answers: The process where mRNA is produced
14. translation correct answers: The process where a protein is produced from an mRNA
recipe
15. spliceosome correct answers: A protein that removes introns from mRNA
16. exon correct answers: Section of DNA that codes for proteins
17. template strand correct answers: The DNA strand that is used to produce mRNA
18. Okazaki correct answers: Name of fragments formed on the lagging strand in DNA
replication
19. Primase correct answers: The enzyme that builds RNA primers
20. Ligase correct answers: The enzyme that glues fragment backbones together
21. Semiconservative correct answers: Theory of DNA replication where each new strand is
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, built on an old strand after DNA is
unzipped.
22. antiparallel correct answers: Parallel, but running in opposite directions.
23. Gyrase correct answers: Relieves tension in an unwinding DNA strand
24. Anneal correct answers: The pairing of complementary strands of DNA
25. Nonsense correct answers: A type of mutation where a stop codon is added prematurely
26. Silent correct answers: A type of mutation where there is no change in the resulting
polypeptide.
27. Inversion correct answers: A type of mutation where the two strands of DNA switch
positions, or flip
28. Translocation correct answers: Type of mutation where a section of DNA moves to another
location.
29. Restriction enzyme correct answers: Used to cut DNA into fragments
30. Plasmid correct answers: A DNA donut found in bacteria cells that can be transferred
between cells
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Correct Answers
1. codon correct answers: Group of three nitrogenous bases - code for an amino acid
2. anti-codon correct answers: Group of 3 bases found on tRNA
3. tRNA correct answers: Transfers amino acids
4. rRNA correct answers: Makes up ribosomes
5. mRNA correct answers: Single stranded version of a gene; recipe for a protein
6. ribosome correct answers: Makes polypeptides
7. amino acid correct answers: Monomer of a polypeptide
8. DNA polymerase III correct answers: Adds new DNA nucleotides to a replicating DNA
molecule
9. Helicase correct answers: Unizips DNA
10. telomere correct answers: Protects the ends of the chromosomes, when they degrade, the
cell dies.
11. Lac 1 protein correct answers: The protein that binds to the operator in the lac operon to
prevent transcription
12. tryptophan correct answers: This molecule is the corepressor in the trp operon; it binds to
the repressor which then binds to
the operator
13. transcription correct answers: The process where mRNA is produced
14. translation correct answers: The process where a protein is produced from an mRNA
recipe
15. spliceosome correct answers: A protein that removes introns from mRNA
16. exon correct answers: Section of DNA that codes for proteins
17. template strand correct answers: The DNA strand that is used to produce mRNA
18. Okazaki correct answers: Name of fragments formed on the lagging strand in DNA
replication
19. Primase correct answers: The enzyme that builds RNA primers
20. Ligase correct answers: The enzyme that glues fragment backbones together
21. Semiconservative correct answers: Theory of DNA replication where each new strand is
1/
5
, built on an old strand after DNA is
unzipped.
22. antiparallel correct answers: Parallel, but running in opposite directions.
23. Gyrase correct answers: Relieves tension in an unwinding DNA strand
24. Anneal correct answers: The pairing of complementary strands of DNA
25. Nonsense correct answers: A type of mutation where a stop codon is added prematurely
26. Silent correct answers: A type of mutation where there is no change in the resulting
polypeptide.
27. Inversion correct answers: A type of mutation where the two strands of DNA switch
positions, or flip
28. Translocation correct answers: Type of mutation where a section of DNA moves to another
location.
29. Restriction enzyme correct answers: Used to cut DNA into fragments
30. Plasmid correct answers: A DNA donut found in bacteria cells that can be transferred
between cells
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