MIBO 3500 Exam 1 Questions and Correct Answers |
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millimeter (mm) Ans: 10^-3
micrometer (um) Ans: 10^-6
nanometer Ans: 10^-9
Microbes Ans: Organisms and acellular agents too small to be seen by
the unaided eye
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Robert Hooke Ans: made first compound microscope, coined the term
"cell"
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Antoine van Leeuwenhoek Ans: built single-lens magnifier, first to
observe single-felled microbes
Francesco Redi Ans: meat and maggots research, disproved theory that
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microbes spontaneously generated
Lazzaro Spallanzani Ans: also disproved the spontaneous generation
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theory, used broth covered and uncovered
Louis Pasteur Ans: proposed the germ theory of disease, idea that the
transmission of microbes is what causes disease, also used Swan neck
flasks and broth to disprove spontaneous generation
germ theory of disease Ans: idea that infectious diseases are caused by
microorganisms, important features: transmission, pure culture, colonies
Robert Koch Ans: Father of microbiology, four postulates to establish
link between specific microbe and a disease
Koch's first postulate Ans: Microorganism must be present in every case
of the disease and absent from healthy organisms
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Koch's Second Postulate Ans: Microbe must be isolated and grown in
pure culture
Koch's Third Postulate Ans: Same disease must result when organism is
inoculated in healthy host
Koch's Fourth Postulate Ans: Same microorganism must be isolated from
2nd diseases host
Limitations of Koch's Postulates Ans: Some have immunity, some
illnesses have multiple causes/strains, and, since you can't inoculate
humans, a disease that only affects humans would be difficult to test
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Lady Montagu Ans: Introduces smallpox inoculation in 1717
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Edward Jenner Ans: Smallpox vaccine (furthers Lady Montagu's work)
Florence Nightingale Ans: Used medical statistics to demonstrate the
significance of mortality due to disease during the Crimean War
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Alexander Fleming Ans: discovered penicillin
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Howard Florey and Ernst Chain Ans: Purified penicillin
Sergei Winogradsky Ans: Discovered lithotrophs, developed enrichment
cultures, and built the Winogradsky column
Detection Ans: The ability to determine the presence of an object
Magnification Ans: An increase in the apparent size of an image to
resolve smaller separations between objects
compound microscope Ans: A light microscope that has more than one
lens
bright-field microscopy Ans: Ocular lens (10x), condenser, objective
lens, total magnification is equal to the product of the ocular lens