HSC 4555 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS RATED A+

HSC 4555 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE
ANSWERS RATED A+


Paired organs located in the posterior part of the abdomen on either side of the
vertebral column. - ANSWER Kidneys

(Right is slightly lower than the left)



Each kidney is made of 1 million functional units called? - ANSWER Nephrons



What in the urine causes the Glomerulus to be compromised? - ANSWER Proteins



The urinary system is composed of? - ANSWER Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and
Urethra



The Nephron is composed of? Name in order. - ANSWER Renal Corpuscle (Glomerulus
and Bowman's Capsule) --> Proximal Tubule --> Loop of Henle (Descending then
Ascending Limb) --> Distal Tubule --> Collecting Duct



What're the 3 parts of the Renal Parenchyma? (From inner to outer) - ANSWER Renal
Pelvis --> Renal Medulla --> Renal Cortex



Part of nephron that deals with:

Reabsorption of most of the pre-urine filtrate (H20, Na+, Cl-, Nutrients like glucose,
lactate, AAs, and vitamins)

(65% of sodium and water)

(K+, Cl-, and HCO3 are reclaimed here)



Deals with pH Balance (H+ and Bicarb.) - ANSWER Proximal Tubule

,(It's where most absorption takes place.)



Part of nephron that deals with FILTERING H2O and all small molecules in blood
including NaCl, urea, glucose, vitamins, AAs - ANSWER Renal Corpuscle (Glomerulus +
Bowman's Capsule)



Part of nephron that deals with reabsorption of most H2O. Only permeable to H2O and
not NaCl or other solutes. - ANSWER Descending Limb of Loop of Henle



Part of nephron that deals with reabsorption of most NaCl. Permeable to Na+ and Cl- but
not H2O. - ANSWER Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle



Part of nephron that deals with reabsorption of H2O, Na+ (via secreting K+), NaCl, and
Ca2+



Deals with pH Balance (H+ and Bicarb.) - ANSWER Distal Tubule



Part of nephron that deals with reabsorption of H2O and maybe NaCl.



Mult. nephrons drain into this which then carries final urine into ureter and towards
bladder - ANSWER Collecting Duct

(Fluid here is less concentrated)



In the collecting duct if H2O and Salt is needed by the body what hormone from the
adrenal gland increases Na+ permeability which is then followed by H2O? - ANSWER
Aldosterone



In the collecting duct if only H2O is needed by the body what hormone from the pituitary
gland increases H2O permeability. - ANSWER ADH



(If more H2O reabsorption is needed, but not NaCl, urea can be moved out of collecting

, duct to increase in surrounding tissue.)



Section of the renal parenchyma that is composed of urinary collecting structures
called calyces. - ANSWER Renal Pelvis (inner portion)



Section of the renal parenchyma that contains renal pyramids. - ANSWER Renal Medulla
(middle portion)



Section of the renal parenchyma that contains glomeruli and nephron tubules - ANSWER
Renal Cortex (outer portion)



The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney - ANSWER Nephron



The nephron is composed of what 2 parts? - ANSWER Corpuscle and Tubule



The Kidneys:

Form?

Regulate?

Excrete?

Produce what function?

Conserve what? - ANSWER 1. Urine Formation

2. Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance and regulation of acid-base balance

3. Excretion of waste products of protein metabolism (nitrogenous waste excretion)

4. Hormonal Function

5. Protein Conservation



What percentage of resting cardiac output flows into the kidneys per minute? - ANSWER
25%