NURS 100 Quiz #3 Questions and Correct Answers |
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Describe cultural influences on health and illness. Ans: Causal beliefs
about health (punishment from God or biomedical cause)
Illness expression (lightly or dramatically)
Symptoms of illness (related to illness expression)
Taboos (whether or not mental health is accepted)
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Describe cultural competence and culturally congruent care. Ans:
Cultural competence - enabling of health care providers to deliver
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services that are respectful of and responsive to the health beliefs,
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practices, and cultural and linguistic needs of diverse patients
Culturally Congruent Care - care that fits a person's life patterns, values,
and system of meaning (patient-centered)
Explain the concept of health disparities. Ans: Health Disparity - A
particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social,
economic, and/or environmental disadvantage
Health Care Disparities - differences among populations in their
availability, accessibility, and quality of health care services
Example - poor health outcomes due to lower wages
What is ethics? Ans: The study of conduct and character. It is concerned
with determining what is good or valuable for individuals and society at
large.
Discuss the role of values in the study of ethics. Ans: A value is a
personal belief about the worth of a given idea, attitude, custom, or
object that sets standards that influence behavior. An ethical dilemma is
caused by conflicting values.
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Discuss the role of ethics in professional nursing. Ans: helps
professional groups settle questions about practice or behavior
Professional Nursing Code of Ethics - set of guiding principles that all
members of a profession accept
What are the basic philosophies of health care ethics. Ans:
Utilitarianism, deontology, and ethics of care
What is utilitarianism? Ans: decision based on greatest good aka what is
good for the most people
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ex: redistributing of Alzheimer's research funds to breast cancer research
or giving Ebola vaccines to health care providers first so they can
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continue to care for patients
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What is deontology? Ans: doing right is a moral duty
ex: someone gets into a car accident and is emitted into the ER, care must
be provided despite lack of medical insurance
What is ethics of care? Ans: Emphasizes the importance of
understanding relationships, especially as they are revealed in personal
narratives
What is accountability? Ans: the procedures and processes by which
one party justifies and takes responsibility for its activities
What is autonomy? Ans: commitment to include patients in decisions
What is beneficence? Ans: taking positive actions to help others
What is nonmaleficence? Ans: avoidance of harm or hurt
What is fedelity? Ans: agreement to keep promises
What is veracity? Ans: telling the truth
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Discuss the steps of ethical dilemma resolution. Ans: To resolve ethical
dilemmas, one needs to distinguish among values, facts, and opinion.
Steps:
1. Is this an ethical problem?
2. Gather information
3. Identify the ethical elements, clarifying values
4. Name the problem
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5. Identify possible courses of action
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6. Create and implement an action plan
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7. Evaluate the plan over time
What is illness Ans: The way that individuals and families react to
disease
What is disease Ans: Malfunctioning biological or psychological
processes
How does culture relate to disease and illness? Ans: Culture affects how
an individual defines illness and disease/ Example: Depending on one's
culture, illness can either be viewed as a punishment from God or caused
from biomedical reasons
What is transcultural nursing? Ans: a comparative study of cultures to
understand their similarities and differences
Break down the Mnemonic "LEARN" Ans: Listen, Explain, Acknowledge,
Recommend, Negotiate
Break down the Mnemonic "RESPECT" Ans: Rapport, Empathy, Support,
Partnership, Explanations, Cultural Competence, Trust