1 for specific request mail
OSU Psych 3312 Exam 1 Questions and Correct
Answers | Latest Update
What is cognitive psych? Ans: Topic
Point of view
Wilhelm Wundt Ans: 1879: first psychology lab
Studied consciousness through structuralism (basic elements)
© 2026 Assignment
Introspection (experimental self-observation) > armchair speculation
Valid? Nah - imageless thought controversy, subjective
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
Pavlov CC Ans: CS (bell) > US (food) > UR (salivation)
CS (bell) > UR (salivation)
Thorndike's Law of Effect Ans: Responses leading to desirable
consequences (food) are likely to be repeated
Responses leading to undesirable consequences (pain) are less likely to
be repeated
Skinner OC Ans: 1957: Verbal Behavior (torn to shreds by Noam
Chomsky)
Reinforcement increases frequency/intensity of behavior
Punishment decreases frequency/intensity of behavior
behaviorism contributions Ans: Experimental rigor
Advances in learning
Objective (observable) data
behaviorism criticisms Ans: S-R is overly simplistic
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Neglected higher level cognition
Ignores cognitive and biological influences
William James Ans: Father of American psychology
Functionalism as opposed to structuralism (Wundt, Titchener)
Phenomenological experiences as opposed to introspection
Hermann Ebbinghaus Ans: Nonsense syllables
© 2026 Assignment
First to scientifically study memory and forgetting
FC Donders Ans: Mental chronometry - reaction time as objective
Guru01 - Stuvia
measure of mental processing
Expert
Subtractive method
Gestalt psychology Ans: Focus on the whole
Verbal protocol - talk aloud
EC Tolman Ans: Latent learning - learning occurs even without rewards
Let rats wander aimlessly through mazes - food reward on day 11 -
performance spike
S-R > S-O-R - cognitive mapping
Use behavior to infer mental states
linguistics Ans: Infinite combinations of sentences can be generated
with finite knowledge and resources
poverty of the input Ans: Children's sentence production capabilities
exceed things they've heard
computer science Ans: Information processing - what happens when a
computer runs a program
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Programs as independent units with different rules - modular
Artificial intelligence - machines can be intelligent - chess
Information-processing approach Ans: Computer analogy to explain
how the mind works
parallel distributed processing (PDP) connectionism Ans: Computer
science, analogous to neurons
Bayesian model Ans: Conditioning reasoning (if...then)
© 2026 Assignment
Probabilities
new cognitive psychology themes Ans: 1. Cognitive processes are
Guru01 - Stuvia
knowledge-based (constructive, action, bottom-up and top-down)
Expert
2. Infer hidden mechanisms through many methods (double helix DNA;
reaction time, mistakes (errors), neurophysiological)
3. Creative tension between empiricism (behaviorism) and scientific
realism (psychodynamics)
bottom-up Ans: sensory data - rote rehearsal
top-down Ans: prior knowledge - scripts
Ulric Neisser Ans: Father of cognitive psychology
1967: Cognitive Psychology
Use behavior to infer mental states (Tolman), information-processing
approach
experiment Ans: psychology method
thought experiment
logic (premise > conclusion) Ans: philosophy method
OSU Psych 3312 Exam 1 Questions and Correct
Answers | Latest Update
What is cognitive psych? Ans: Topic
Point of view
Wilhelm Wundt Ans: 1879: first psychology lab
Studied consciousness through structuralism (basic elements)
© 2026 Assignment
Introspection (experimental self-observation) > armchair speculation
Valid? Nah - imageless thought controversy, subjective
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
Pavlov CC Ans: CS (bell) > US (food) > UR (salivation)
CS (bell) > UR (salivation)
Thorndike's Law of Effect Ans: Responses leading to desirable
consequences (food) are likely to be repeated
Responses leading to undesirable consequences (pain) are less likely to
be repeated
Skinner OC Ans: 1957: Verbal Behavior (torn to shreds by Noam
Chomsky)
Reinforcement increases frequency/intensity of behavior
Punishment decreases frequency/intensity of behavior
behaviorism contributions Ans: Experimental rigor
Advances in learning
Objective (observable) data
behaviorism criticisms Ans: S-R is overly simplistic
, 2 for specific request mail
Neglected higher level cognition
Ignores cognitive and biological influences
William James Ans: Father of American psychology
Functionalism as opposed to structuralism (Wundt, Titchener)
Phenomenological experiences as opposed to introspection
Hermann Ebbinghaus Ans: Nonsense syllables
© 2026 Assignment
First to scientifically study memory and forgetting
FC Donders Ans: Mental chronometry - reaction time as objective
Guru01 - Stuvia
measure of mental processing
Expert
Subtractive method
Gestalt psychology Ans: Focus on the whole
Verbal protocol - talk aloud
EC Tolman Ans: Latent learning - learning occurs even without rewards
Let rats wander aimlessly through mazes - food reward on day 11 -
performance spike
S-R > S-O-R - cognitive mapping
Use behavior to infer mental states
linguistics Ans: Infinite combinations of sentences can be generated
with finite knowledge and resources
poverty of the input Ans: Children's sentence production capabilities
exceed things they've heard
computer science Ans: Information processing - what happens when a
computer runs a program
, 3 for specific request mail
Programs as independent units with different rules - modular
Artificial intelligence - machines can be intelligent - chess
Information-processing approach Ans: Computer analogy to explain
how the mind works
parallel distributed processing (PDP) connectionism Ans: Computer
science, analogous to neurons
Bayesian model Ans: Conditioning reasoning (if...then)
© 2026 Assignment
Probabilities
new cognitive psychology themes Ans: 1. Cognitive processes are
Guru01 - Stuvia
knowledge-based (constructive, action, bottom-up and top-down)
Expert
2. Infer hidden mechanisms through many methods (double helix DNA;
reaction time, mistakes (errors), neurophysiological)
3. Creative tension between empiricism (behaviorism) and scientific
realism (psychodynamics)
bottom-up Ans: sensory data - rote rehearsal
top-down Ans: prior knowledge - scripts
Ulric Neisser Ans: Father of cognitive psychology
1967: Cognitive Psychology
Use behavior to infer mental states (Tolman), information-processing
approach
experiment Ans: psychology method
thought experiment
logic (premise > conclusion) Ans: philosophy method
