Fundamentals of nursing (Galen
college of nursing) Study Guide Exam
and All Actual Answers 2026.
Fowler's position - Answer a semi-sitting position; the head of the bed is raised between 45
and 60 degrees
Semi-Fowler's Position - Answer the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees; or the head of the
bed is raised 30 degrees and the knee portion is raised 15 degrees
trapeze bar - Answer Metal triangular-shaped bar that can be suspended over a patient's
bed from an overhanging frame; permits patients to move up and down in bed while in traction
or some other encumbrance.
function of skin - Answer protection, sensation, temperature regulation, excretion and
secretion
Musco skeletal system - Answer bones, joints, muscles, framework of body giving shape,
ability to move and protection,
Pressure ulcer risk factors - Answer Immobility
Incontinence
Diaphoresis
Inadequate nutrition
Lowered mental awareness
Excessive diaphoresis
Extreme age
Edema
skin and pressure ulcers - Answer Assessment, Braden scale , caused by circulatory comp. ,
reactive hyperemia Vs. pressure ulcers
Skin changes with aging - Answer loss of elastic fibers , loss of collagen , decreased
sebaceous activity , altered temperature control, Hair & Nails
structure of skin - Answer epidermis and dermis
, Eye Care - Answer minimal care and unconscious clients
Foot (nail) Care - Answer inspect and clean daily / Dry well
Hair care - Answer Brushing and combing
Oral Care - Answer Raise the head of the bed to 45-90 degrees
Perineal care - Answer wipe front to back
Back massage - Answer communicates caring, fosters trust between nurse and patient
relationships
Bathing older patients - Answer Don't need bath's daily - use warm water not hot - use soap
sparingly
Types of baths - Answer Cleansing + therapeutic - whirlpool sitz sponge bath
purpose of bathing - Answer 1) Cleanse the skin
2) promote comfort
3) stimulate circulation
4) remove waste products
Hygiene - Answer proper skin care, hair, teeth, nails, protecting the body from infections &
disease
what should a nurse do or not do? - Answer Do not massage reddened skin over bony
prominence, Avoid skin injury by friction & shear
prevention is key - Answer reposition every 2 HR , float heels , use trapeze , use pressure
reducing device, shift weight 15 minutes to every 1 hr if possible
Changes occurring to age - Answer less bone mass, loss of bone density, muscle cells are lost,
elasticity of muscle fibers is decreased
Principles of body movement - Answer use the greatest # of muscles possible
college of nursing) Study Guide Exam
and All Actual Answers 2026.
Fowler's position - Answer a semi-sitting position; the head of the bed is raised between 45
and 60 degrees
Semi-Fowler's Position - Answer the head of the bed is raised 30 degrees; or the head of the
bed is raised 30 degrees and the knee portion is raised 15 degrees
trapeze bar - Answer Metal triangular-shaped bar that can be suspended over a patient's
bed from an overhanging frame; permits patients to move up and down in bed while in traction
or some other encumbrance.
function of skin - Answer protection, sensation, temperature regulation, excretion and
secretion
Musco skeletal system - Answer bones, joints, muscles, framework of body giving shape,
ability to move and protection,
Pressure ulcer risk factors - Answer Immobility
Incontinence
Diaphoresis
Inadequate nutrition
Lowered mental awareness
Excessive diaphoresis
Extreme age
Edema
skin and pressure ulcers - Answer Assessment, Braden scale , caused by circulatory comp. ,
reactive hyperemia Vs. pressure ulcers
Skin changes with aging - Answer loss of elastic fibers , loss of collagen , decreased
sebaceous activity , altered temperature control, Hair & Nails
structure of skin - Answer epidermis and dermis
, Eye Care - Answer minimal care and unconscious clients
Foot (nail) Care - Answer inspect and clean daily / Dry well
Hair care - Answer Brushing and combing
Oral Care - Answer Raise the head of the bed to 45-90 degrees
Perineal care - Answer wipe front to back
Back massage - Answer communicates caring, fosters trust between nurse and patient
relationships
Bathing older patients - Answer Don't need bath's daily - use warm water not hot - use soap
sparingly
Types of baths - Answer Cleansing + therapeutic - whirlpool sitz sponge bath
purpose of bathing - Answer 1) Cleanse the skin
2) promote comfort
3) stimulate circulation
4) remove waste products
Hygiene - Answer proper skin care, hair, teeth, nails, protecting the body from infections &
disease
what should a nurse do or not do? - Answer Do not massage reddened skin over bony
prominence, Avoid skin injury by friction & shear
prevention is key - Answer reposition every 2 HR , float heels , use trapeze , use pressure
reducing device, shift weight 15 minutes to every 1 hr if possible
Changes occurring to age - Answer less bone mass, loss of bone density, muscle cells are lost,
elasticity of muscle fibers is decreased
Principles of body movement - Answer use the greatest # of muscles possible
