OB/GYN ARDMS PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS | UPDATED 2026

OB/GYN ARDMS PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS | UPDATED 2026 Neural tube defects are_________times more likely to occur in diabetic mothers a. 7 b. 8 c.9 d. 10 - answer-d. 10 A monozygotic, monochorionic and monoamniotic pregnancy is also referred to as a. Fraternal Twins b. Ectopic Pregnancy c. Identical Twins d. Singleton pregnancy - answer-d. Singleton pregnancy Results from the fertilization of two separate eggs during the same pregnancy. May be of the same or different sexes. They share half of their genes just like any other siblings. - answerFraternal Twins/Dizygotic Twins that result from fertilization of a single egg with a single sperm and then during the embryonic development, or during the cell splits, those massive eggs split into two individuals, which later develop into two offspring. Share all of their genes and are always of the same sex. - answer-Identical/Monozygotic The tip of the iceberg sign usually refers to which mass? a. ovarian cancerb. cystadenoma c. dermoid cyst d. cystadenocarcinoma - answer-c. dermoid cyst A saclike growth that is present at birth. It contains structures such as hair, fluid, teeth, or skin glands that can be found on or in the skin. These cysts grow slowly and are not tender unless ruptured. They usually occur on the face, inside the skull, on the lower back, and in the ovaries. Form from embryonic cells. - answer-Dermoid Cyst/Teratomas These develop on the surface of an ovary and might be filled with watery or a mucous material. - answer-Cystadenomas These develop as a result of a condition in which uterine endometrial cells grow outside your uterus ( endometriosis.). Some of the tissue can attach to your ovary and form a growth. - answer-Endometriomas The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio is used to determine a. Trisomy 21 b. amnionitis c. fetal lung maturity d. fetal cardiac malformations - answer-c. fetal lung maturity Days 14-28 of the endometrial cycle a. early proliferative phase b. late proliferative phase c. secretory phase d. menstrual phase - answer-c. secretory phase.Phase 1: The Follicular / Proliferative Phase - answer-Day 0-14 of the menstrual cycle. Main hormone= estrogen Purpose= to grow endometrial layer of the uterus. Ovulation - answer-always occurs 14 days before menses: therefore, with an average 28 day cylce, ovulation occurs on day 14. At the end of the proliferative phase. Phase 2: The Luteal/Secretory Phase - answer-occurs from day 14 - 28 of the cycle. Progesterone stimulated by LH is teh dominant hormone during this phase to prepare the corpus luteum and the endometrium for possible fertilized ovum implantation. What are the 4 Phases of the Menstrual Cycle? - answer-Menstruation Follicular / Proliferative Phase Ovulation Luteal / Secretory Phase At what gestational age can you begin to start measuring the BPD? a. 9 weeks b. 10 weeks c. 11 weeks d. 12 weeks - answer-d. 12 weeks The outer walls of the blastocyst are covered by a. mesoderm b. ectoderm c. decidua d. chorionic villi - answer-d. chorionic villiWhich of the following is least likely to be true regarding cystic teratomas? a. 80% unilateral b. common in women over 40 c. they are aka dermoid cysts d. common in younger women - answer-b. common in women over 40 A low lying placenta is defined as _____ from interal os - answer-placental edge 2cm from internal os Which of the following is true regarding cystic hygroma? a. it is a lymphatic malformation b. can be associated with hydrops c. commonly seen in the neck d. all the above - answer-d. all the above. In the 1st and 2nd trimester the fetal lung is what echogenicity compared to the liver? - answerisoechoic to the liver Which is not a shunt present in the fetus? a. foramen ovale b. ductus venosus c. ductus arteriosus d. ligamentum venosum - answer-d. ligamentum venosum What abnormality is defined as an enlarged tongue? - answer-MacroglossiaFocal intrauterine fluid present in an up to 20% of ectopic pregnancies is a. double decidual reaction b. pseudogestational sac c. yolk sac d. embryonic sac - answer-b. pseudogenstational sac The placenta is responsible for all the following except a. gas exchange b. nutrient exchange c. hormone production d. hematopoiesis - answer-d. hematopoiesis - is the production of all the cellular components of blood and blood plasma. it occurs within the hematopoietic system, which includes organs and tissues such as the bone marrow, liver and spleen. The umbilical cord is made up of a. 2 arteries 1 vein b. 2 veins 1 artery c. 3 arteries 2 veins d. 3 veins 1 artery - answer-a. 2 arteries 1 vein The liquid substance within the umbilical cord is - answer-Wharton's Jelly Which of the following is NOT associated with placental abruption a. maternal shock b. fetal distress c. bloody amniotic fluid d. painless bright red blood - answer-d. painless bright red bloodA midline abdominal wall defect where abdominal contents herniate in the base of the umbilical cord is a/an a. gastrochisis b. pentalogy of Cantrell c. omphalocele d. ectopia cordis - answer-c. omphalocele Pentalogy of Canatrell - answer-PENTA! a condition characterized by a combination of midline birth defects that can potentially involve the 1) breastbone (sternum) 2) The diaphragm, the muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdomen and aides in breathing. 3) Pericardium, the thin membrane that lines the heart, 4) the abdominal wall; 5) and the heart. ectopia cordis - answer-this condition can include deformities of the chest (thorax), abdomen, or both. Often Ectopia cordis is also accompanied by defects of the heart itself. The deformity can be seen on ultrasound by about the 10th or 11th week of pregnancy. A fetus that is 90th percentile for gestational age is a. full term b. large for gestational age c. macrosomic d. microsomic - answer-b. large for gestational age.The most common congenital facial anomaly is a. cleft lip/palate b. hypotelorism c. proboscis d. encephalocele - answer-a. cleft lip/palate fetal hydrocele - answer-The following image shows Corpus callosum - answerWhat is a marker for Trisomy 21? - answer-nasal bone What is the most common cause of the findings in the following image? - answer-imperforate hymen sonohysterogram, hysterosonogram, saline infusion sonogram - answerMyelomeningocele refers to a. lipoma of the spinal cord b. sacrococcygeal tumor c. protrusion of the meninges and nerve tissue d. protrusion of the meninges - answer-c. protrusion of the meninges and nerve tissue What is a nuchal cord? - answer-Umbilical cord around the fetal neck. Can occur during pregnancy, labor, or birth. Umbilical cord gives blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the fetus.The cisterna magna is considered enlarged at a. 5mm b. 6mm c. 10 mm d. 11mm - answer-d. 11mm While scanning for the BPD, you notice an empty fluid filled cranium, the midbrain and brainstem are preserved, this is most likely a. holoprosencephaly b. anencephaly c. hydranencephaly d. hydrocephalus - answer-c. hydranencephaly Measurement from the outer edge of the occipital bone to the outer edge of the cervical skin is called a. nuchal translucency b. nuchal cord c. nuchal fold d. biparietal diameter - answer-C. nuchal fold Causes of symmetric IntraUterine Growth Restriction a. chromosomal abnormalities b. congenital malformations c. maternal drug use d. congenital infections e. all of the above. - answer-e. all the above