,TESTBANK FOR Criminology Today An Integrative
Introduction, 11th edition Schmalleger
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
, Test Bank
Criminology Today, 11e (Schmalleger)
Chapter 1 What Is Criminology?
1.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) The view of crime as human conduct that violates the criminal law is drawn from a
________ perspective.
A) political
B) sociological
C) psychological
D) legalistic
Answer: C
Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text has
chosen to use?
Level: Basic
2) “Human conduct that is in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government,
or a local jurisdiction that has the power to make such laws” is a definition of ________.
A) criminology
B) crime
C) criminal
D) deviance
Answer: B
Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text has
chosen to use?
Level: Basic
3) The belief that crime is an antisocial act of such a nature that repression is necessary to
preserve the existing system of society is the basis of the ________ perspective on crime
A) legal
B) political
C) sociological
D) psychological
Answer: C
Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text has
chosen to use?
Level: Basic
1
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,4) Which of the following statements regarding a crime harm index (CHI) is true?
A) A CHI counts each offense equally.
B) A CHI argues that each offense has a similar impact on victims or on society.
C) A CHI primarily focuses on street crimes that are most commonly committed by
individuals who have lower incomes.
D) A CHI assigns different weights to crimes based on the harm they cause.
Answer: D
Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text has
chosen to use?
Level: Basic
5) Which of the following statements about deviance and crime is true?
A) All deviant behavior is criminal.
B) All criminal behavior is deviant.
C) Deviant behavior and criminal behavior overlap.
D) Deviant behavior and criminal behavior are mutually exclusive categories.
Answer: C
Objective: What is deviance? How are crime and deviance similar? How do they differ?
Level: Intermediate
6) You are running late to class and there is an exam today. To get to class on time, you drive
about 10 miles about the speed limit. This is an example of behavior that is ________.
A) deviant but not criminal
B) criminal but not deviant
C) both deviant and criminal
D) neither deviant nor criminal
Answer: B
Objective: What is deviance? How are crime and deviance similar? How do they differ?
Level: Intermediate
7) Which of the following behaviors is criminal only when committed by a child but is legal
when committed by an adult?
A) Shoplifting a candy bar
B) Drinking alcohol
C) Speeding
D) Joyriding
Answer: B
Objective: What is deviance? How are crime and deviance similar? How do they differ?
Level: Intermediate
8) The ________ perspective says that laws should be enacted to criminalize certain behaviors
when members of society generally agree that such laws are necessary?
2
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
, A) consensus
B) sociological
C) pluralistic
D) legalistic
Answer: A
Objective: Who decides what should be criminal? How are such decisions made?
Level: Basic
9) The pluralistic perspective suggests that behaviors are typically criminalized through
________.
A) a political process
B) the general agreement of most members of society
C) the existence of shared norms and values
D) consensus
Answer: A
Objective: Who decides what should be criminal? How are such decisions made?
Level: Basic
10) The gun control debate is an example of the ________ perspective.
A) consensus
B) sociological
C) conflict
D) pluralistic
Answer: D
Objective: Who decides what should be criminal? How are such decisions made?
Level: Intermediate
11) ________ is the field of study that is concerned primarily with the causes and consequences
of crime.
A) Criminal justice
B) Criminology
C) Criminality
D) Criminalistics
Answer: B
Objective: What is criminology? What are its many roots?
Level: Basic
12) Criminal justice focuses on ________.
A) the control of lawbreaking
B) the causes of crime
C) the consequences of crime
3
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
, D) the victim
Answer: A
Objective: What is criminology? What are its many roots?
Level: Basic
13) A ________ studies crime, criminals, and criminal behavior.
A) scientist
B) criminal justice professional
C) criminologist
D) criminalist
Answer: C
Objective: What do criminologists do?
Level: Basic
14) Which of the following individuals would most likely be considered a criminalist?
A) A victims’ advocate
B) A polygraph operator
C) A computer crime investigator
D) A correctional officer
Answer: B
Objective: What do criminologists do?
Level: Intermediate
15) A(n) ________ theory of crime attempts to explain all or most forms of criminal conduct
through a single, overarching approach.
A) complete
B) unicausal
C) integrated
D) general
Answer: D
Objective: What do criminologists do?
Level: Basic
16) You are learning about a specific general theory which suggests that all types of criminal and
deviant behavior can be explained by a single factor: a lack of self-control. This is an
example of a(n) ________ theory.
A) integrated
B) unicausal
C) bicameral
D) complete
Answer: B
Objective: What do criminologists do?
4
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Level: Intermediate
17) ________ criminology emphasizes the use of social scientific techniques to develop
knowledge in the field of criminology.
A) Evidence-based
B) Translational
C) Theoretical
D) Policy-based
Answer: A
Objective: What is evidence-based criminology? How does it complement theoretical
criminology?
Level: Basic
18) ________ criminology involves taking the results of criminological research and converting
it into workable social policy and practice.
A) Experimental
B) Translational
C) Theoretical
D) Policy-based
Answer: B
Objective: How does criminology, and especially criminological research, influence social
policy? What is translational criminology?
Level: Basic
19) The ________ perspective argues that crime is a result of underlying social issues such as
poverty, discrimination, and pervasive family violence.
A) evidence-based
B) individual responsibility
C) social deviance
D) social problems
Answer: D
Objective: What is the theme of this text? Upon what two contrasting viewpoints does it
build?
Level: Basic
20) Which of the following statements about the individual responsibility perspective is true?
A) It suggests that crime is a symptom of underlying social problems such as poverty and
discrimination.
B) It emphasizes the development of social and educational opportunities as a way of
dealing with the crime problem.
C) It emphasizes crime prevention efforts such as harsher sentences and the development of
rehabilitation programs.
D) It sees crime as a public health problem as well as a criminal justice problem.
5
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Answer: C
Objective: What is the theme of this text? Upon what two contrasting viewpoints does it
build?
Level: Intermediate
21) Which of the following crime reduction or prevention strategies is most characteristic of the
social problems perspective?
A) A government-funded initiative to enhance educational opportunities among low-income
individuals
B) A move to broaden police powers by increasing the number of exceptions to the
Exclusionary Rule
C) Rewriting state statutes to increase the severity of punishment for violent offenders, such
as three-strikes laws
D) Allocating federal funds to help states build and operate more prisons
Answer: A
Objective: What is the theme of this text? Upon what two contrasting viewpoints does it
build?
Level: Intermediate
22) Which of the following recent developments in national crime control policy is most likely to
have been influenced by the social problems perspective?
A) The increase in the number of federal capital crimes
B) The enactment of a federal three-strikes law
C) The abolition of federal parole
D) The creation of the Job Corps to reduce unemployment by encouraging the development
of job skills
Answer: D
Objective: What is the theme of this text? Upon what two contrasting viewpoints does it
build?
Level: Intermediate
23) Crime is not an isolated individual activity but a(n) ________ event.
A) social
B) economic
C) deviant
D) political
Answer: A
Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?
Level: Intermediate
24) An American visitor witnessing a crime in Japan may interpret the events differently than
someone born within the Japanese culture. This is an example of ________.
A) intercultural perspective
6
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
, B) social relativity
C) deviant perception
D) politicization
Answer: B
Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?
Level: Intermediate
25) Which of the following is a background contribution by the offender?
A) A genetic inventory
B) A peculiar motivation
C) A specific intent
D) A drug-induced state of mind
Answer: A
Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?
Level: Intermediate
26) The ________ contributes to a criminal event by failing to prevent criminal activity.
A) victim
B) offender
C) criminal justice system
D) general public
Answer: C
Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?
Level: Basic
27) Victims may unwittingly contribute to their own victimization through the appearance of
________.
A) defensiveness
B) exposure
C) defenselessness
D) precipitation
Answer: C
Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?
Level: Basic
28) ________ is the process by which one acquires the cultural values of one’s society.
A) Socialization
B) Integration
C) Social relativity
D) Criminalistics
Answer: A
Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?
7
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Level: Basic
30) Many modern criminologists operate from a(n) ________ perspective.
A) psychological
B) political
C) economic
D) sociological
Answer: D
Objective: What social science has traditionally provided a central theoretical basis for
criminology? Why?
Level: Basic
1.2 True/False Questions
1) The legalistic perspective defines crime as a violation of the criminal law.
Answer: TRUE
Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text has
chosen to use?
Level: Basic
2) Adopting the psychological perspective of crime would significantly expand the scope of
criminology.
Answer: TRUE
Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text has
chosen to use?
Level: Basic
3) All criminal behavior is deviant.
Answer: FALSE
Objective: What is deviance? How are crime and deviance similar? How do they differ?
Level: Basic
4) Some behaviors are considered to be illegal only if they are committed by a child.
Answer: TRUE
Objective: What is deviance? How are crime and deviance similar? How do they differ?
Level: Intermediate
5) The pluralistic perspective is most applicable to societies characterized by a shared belief
system.
Answer: FALSE
Objective: Who decides what should be criminal? How are such decisions made?
8
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
Introduction, 11th edition Schmalleger
Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
, Test Bank
Criminology Today, 11e (Schmalleger)
Chapter 1 What Is Criminology?
1.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) The view of crime as human conduct that violates the criminal law is drawn from a
________ perspective.
A) political
B) sociological
C) psychological
D) legalistic
Answer: C
Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text has
chosen to use?
Level: Basic
2) “Human conduct that is in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government,
or a local jurisdiction that has the power to make such laws” is a definition of ________.
A) criminology
B) crime
C) criminal
D) deviance
Answer: B
Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text has
chosen to use?
Level: Basic
3) The belief that crime is an antisocial act of such a nature that repression is necessary to
preserve the existing system of society is the basis of the ________ perspective on crime
A) legal
B) political
C) sociological
D) psychological
Answer: C
Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text has
chosen to use?
Level: Basic
1
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
,4) Which of the following statements regarding a crime harm index (CHI) is true?
A) A CHI counts each offense equally.
B) A CHI argues that each offense has a similar impact on victims or on society.
C) A CHI primarily focuses on street crimes that are most commonly committed by
individuals who have lower incomes.
D) A CHI assigns different weights to crimes based on the harm they cause.
Answer: D
Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text has
chosen to use?
Level: Basic
5) Which of the following statements about deviance and crime is true?
A) All deviant behavior is criminal.
B) All criminal behavior is deviant.
C) Deviant behavior and criminal behavior overlap.
D) Deviant behavior and criminal behavior are mutually exclusive categories.
Answer: C
Objective: What is deviance? How are crime and deviance similar? How do they differ?
Level: Intermediate
6) You are running late to class and there is an exam today. To get to class on time, you drive
about 10 miles about the speed limit. This is an example of behavior that is ________.
A) deviant but not criminal
B) criminal but not deviant
C) both deviant and criminal
D) neither deviant nor criminal
Answer: B
Objective: What is deviance? How are crime and deviance similar? How do they differ?
Level: Intermediate
7) Which of the following behaviors is criminal only when committed by a child but is legal
when committed by an adult?
A) Shoplifting a candy bar
B) Drinking alcohol
C) Speeding
D) Joyriding
Answer: B
Objective: What is deviance? How are crime and deviance similar? How do they differ?
Level: Intermediate
8) The ________ perspective says that laws should be enacted to criminalize certain behaviors
when members of society generally agree that such laws are necessary?
2
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
, A) consensus
B) sociological
C) pluralistic
D) legalistic
Answer: A
Objective: Who decides what should be criminal? How are such decisions made?
Level: Basic
9) The pluralistic perspective suggests that behaviors are typically criminalized through
________.
A) a political process
B) the general agreement of most members of society
C) the existence of shared norms and values
D) consensus
Answer: A
Objective: Who decides what should be criminal? How are such decisions made?
Level: Basic
10) The gun control debate is an example of the ________ perspective.
A) consensus
B) sociological
C) conflict
D) pluralistic
Answer: D
Objective: Who decides what should be criminal? How are such decisions made?
Level: Intermediate
11) ________ is the field of study that is concerned primarily with the causes and consequences
of crime.
A) Criminal justice
B) Criminology
C) Criminality
D) Criminalistics
Answer: B
Objective: What is criminology? What are its many roots?
Level: Basic
12) Criminal justice focuses on ________.
A) the control of lawbreaking
B) the causes of crime
C) the consequences of crime
3
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
, D) the victim
Answer: A
Objective: What is criminology? What are its many roots?
Level: Basic
13) A ________ studies crime, criminals, and criminal behavior.
A) scientist
B) criminal justice professional
C) criminologist
D) criminalist
Answer: C
Objective: What do criminologists do?
Level: Basic
14) Which of the following individuals would most likely be considered a criminalist?
A) A victims’ advocate
B) A polygraph operator
C) A computer crime investigator
D) A correctional officer
Answer: B
Objective: What do criminologists do?
Level: Intermediate
15) A(n) ________ theory of crime attempts to explain all or most forms of criminal conduct
through a single, overarching approach.
A) complete
B) unicausal
C) integrated
D) general
Answer: D
Objective: What do criminologists do?
Level: Basic
16) You are learning about a specific general theory which suggests that all types of criminal and
deviant behavior can be explained by a single factor: a lack of self-control. This is an
example of a(n) ________ theory.
A) integrated
B) unicausal
C) bicameral
D) complete
Answer: B
Objective: What do criminologists do?
4
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Level: Intermediate
17) ________ criminology emphasizes the use of social scientific techniques to develop
knowledge in the field of criminology.
A) Evidence-based
B) Translational
C) Theoretical
D) Policy-based
Answer: A
Objective: What is evidence-based criminology? How does it complement theoretical
criminology?
Level: Basic
18) ________ criminology involves taking the results of criminological research and converting
it into workable social policy and practice.
A) Experimental
B) Translational
C) Theoretical
D) Policy-based
Answer: B
Objective: How does criminology, and especially criminological research, influence social
policy? What is translational criminology?
Level: Basic
19) The ________ perspective argues that crime is a result of underlying social issues such as
poverty, discrimination, and pervasive family violence.
A) evidence-based
B) individual responsibility
C) social deviance
D) social problems
Answer: D
Objective: What is the theme of this text? Upon what two contrasting viewpoints does it
build?
Level: Basic
20) Which of the following statements about the individual responsibility perspective is true?
A) It suggests that crime is a symptom of underlying social problems such as poverty and
discrimination.
B) It emphasizes the development of social and educational opportunities as a way of
dealing with the crime problem.
C) It emphasizes crime prevention efforts such as harsher sentences and the development of
rehabilitation programs.
D) It sees crime as a public health problem as well as a criminal justice problem.
5
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Answer: C
Objective: What is the theme of this text? Upon what two contrasting viewpoints does it
build?
Level: Intermediate
21) Which of the following crime reduction or prevention strategies is most characteristic of the
social problems perspective?
A) A government-funded initiative to enhance educational opportunities among low-income
individuals
B) A move to broaden police powers by increasing the number of exceptions to the
Exclusionary Rule
C) Rewriting state statutes to increase the severity of punishment for violent offenders, such
as three-strikes laws
D) Allocating federal funds to help states build and operate more prisons
Answer: A
Objective: What is the theme of this text? Upon what two contrasting viewpoints does it
build?
Level: Intermediate
22) Which of the following recent developments in national crime control policy is most likely to
have been influenced by the social problems perspective?
A) The increase in the number of federal capital crimes
B) The enactment of a federal three-strikes law
C) The abolition of federal parole
D) The creation of the Job Corps to reduce unemployment by encouraging the development
of job skills
Answer: D
Objective: What is the theme of this text? Upon what two contrasting viewpoints does it
build?
Level: Intermediate
23) Crime is not an isolated individual activity but a(n) ________ event.
A) social
B) economic
C) deviant
D) political
Answer: A
Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?
Level: Intermediate
24) An American visitor witnessing a crime in Japan may interpret the events differently than
someone born within the Japanese culture. This is an example of ________.
A) intercultural perspective
6
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
, B) social relativity
C) deviant perception
D) politicization
Answer: B
Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?
Level: Intermediate
25) Which of the following is a background contribution by the offender?
A) A genetic inventory
B) A peculiar motivation
C) A specific intent
D) A drug-induced state of mind
Answer: A
Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?
Level: Intermediate
26) The ________ contributes to a criminal event by failing to prevent criminal activity.
A) victim
B) offender
C) criminal justice system
D) general public
Answer: C
Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?
Level: Basic
27) Victims may unwittingly contribute to their own victimization through the appearance of
________.
A) defensiveness
B) exposure
C) defenselessness
D) precipitation
Answer: C
Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?
Level: Basic
28) ________ is the process by which one acquires the cultural values of one’s society.
A) Socialization
B) Integration
C) Social relativity
D) Criminalistics
Answer: A
Objective: What is the social context of crime? What are crime’s consequences?
7
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
, Level: Basic
30) Many modern criminologists operate from a(n) ________ perspective.
A) psychological
B) political
C) economic
D) sociological
Answer: D
Objective: What social science has traditionally provided a central theoretical basis for
criminology? Why?
Level: Basic
1.2 True/False Questions
1) The legalistic perspective defines crime as a violation of the criminal law.
Answer: TRUE
Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text has
chosen to use?
Level: Basic
2) Adopting the psychological perspective of crime would significantly expand the scope of
criminology.
Answer: TRUE
Objective: What is crime? What is the definition of crime that the author of this text has
chosen to use?
Level: Basic
3) All criminal behavior is deviant.
Answer: FALSE
Objective: What is deviance? How are crime and deviance similar? How do they differ?
Level: Basic
4) Some behaviors are considered to be illegal only if they are committed by a child.
Answer: TRUE
Objective: What is deviance? How are crime and deviance similar? How do they differ?
Level: Intermediate
5) The pluralistic perspective is most applicable to societies characterized by a shared belief
system.
Answer: FALSE
Objective: Who decides what should be criminal? How are such decisions made?
8
Copyright © 2025 Pearson Education, Inc.
