AONN CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
What are Cancer Costs by 2020 - Answers $173 Billion
When was Affordable Care Act Passed - Answers 2010
What is the Affordable Care Act - Answers By 1/1/14 citizens must have health ins or pay penalty
What is NCCN Distress Thermometer - Answers Tool to identify barriers and issues of distress
What is Mullan's Seasons of Survival Model - Answers 3 stages of survival - Acute, Extended,
Permanent
What is Bidimensional Orientation of NN Role - Answers Patient-centered and healthcare system-
centered
What is the Freeman Model - Answers Navigation model using community members to help
underserved and poor gain access to breast cancer screenings
What is Major Purpose of Navigation - Answers Provide personal assistance in eliminating barriers to
care
What is Belmont Report and Informed Consent - Answers Informed Consent is an example of the
ethical principle Autonomy
When did ONS Implemented NN Role - Answers 2008
Lillie's Book When - Answers 2011
When was Patient Navigation Research Program Formed - Answers 2002
What is CoC Standard 3.1 - Answers ID and address a new barrier each year
What is Palliative Care - Answers Symptom Management, not hospice
What is #1 of wishes in dying patients? - Answers Be Kept Clean (99% of patients)
What to Expect --> Physical Condition - Answers 96% of patients say this is important
What % of patients wish to die at home - Answers 50-90%
How many patients die at home - Answers 10-35%
How many patients die in hospitals - Answers 50-60%
What is average length of time pt receives hospice - Answers 5 days
What is % ICU deaths of metastatic patients - Answers 21%
What do patients think when they hear: "Hopeful your tumor will respond to this treatment" -
Answers 30-81% patients think "cure"
True/False: Being honest doesn't take away hope - Answers True
What is #1 fear of entering hospice - Answers Fear of abandonment by their doctor
What are 3 Phases of Hope? - Answers 1) miracle, 2) long life w/quality of life, 3) accepting shortened
life but still hope for quality of life
What is the mean cost of cancer care in last 6 months of life? - Answers $74,000 (only 4% is hospice)
True/False: Advanced Directives are just CPR - Answers False
True/False: Poor communication is why pts don't get care they desire - Answers True
What is Role of Navigation - Answers Improve patient's timely access to cancer-related care
throughout the cancer continuum
When Was Term "Patient Navigation" First Coined - Answers 1990's by Harold Freeman in Harlem, NY
What was increase in 5-year survival rate after Freeman's program - Answers Increased from 39% to
70% in breast cancer, 94% of whom were black
What was decrease in late stage diagnosis after Freeman's program - Answers Decreased from 50% to
20% for his black patients
What is World Health Org definition of health - Answers "state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity"
What Does Health People 2020 say health is affected by? - Answers Social determinants: economic
stability, education, neighborhood, social and community, health and healthcare
Why was first patient navigation program developed in Harlem? - Answers To reduce the stage of
disease and mortality of black patients
What does 20% coinsurance mean? - Answers Pay 100% of deductible and then 20% of any remaining
healthcare costs for care received
What does TNM refer to? - Answers System used to stage and grade cancer
What is DRE? - Answers Digital Rectal Exam to evaluate prostate size/abnorm.
What are some treatments for prostate cancer? - Answers Radiation, Prostatectomy, Orchiectomy
What is role of non-licensed patient navigator? - Answers Coach patients to use their time effectively
w/physician, help them find resources and advocate for patient rights
, Highest Breast Cancer Incidence in... - Answers White Women
Highest Breast Cancer Mortality in... - Answers Black Women
What did American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer (CoC) mandate about navigation -
Answers 2012 announcement: must implement patient navigation by 1/1/15 for CoC accreditation
What did IHI develop in 2008 - Answers Triple Aim
What is Triple Aim - Answers 1) improve pt exp, 2) improve pop. health, 3) decrease cost
How many patients with cancer diagnosis in 2016 - Answers 1.6 million
How many patients with cancer diagnosis by 2030 - Answers 2.3 million
How much have cancer deaths decreased since 1991 - Answers 20%
What is the projected shortage of medical oncologists? - Answers decrease by 48%
According to IOM, what is STEEP? - Answers Safe, Timely, Effective, Efficient, Equitable, Patient
Centered
What is Quality Care? - Answers Right Care, Right Patient, Right Time, Every Time and outcomes =
evidenced based care
What is the Iowa Module? - Answers Evidence Based Practice and Research
What are some models to elicit change? - Answers Hardwiring excellence, Lean/Six Sigma, Baldridge
What is PDCA? - Answers Plan, Do, Check, Ask
What is FOCUS? - Answers Find, Organize, Clarify, Uncover, Select
What is a Pareto Chart? - Answers 80% comes from 20% of the problem
What are SMART Goals? - Answers Specific, Measureable, Achievable, Relevant, Time Based
What is FLOW - Answers Fund, Leadership, Ownership, Wisdom
When did QI measures become public? - Answers 2004
What is Organizational Mgmt? - Answers Organize, plan, lead and control resources
What is Effectiveness? - Answers Doing the right thing
What is Efficiency? - Answers Comparison/doing it right (factor of productivity)
What are Clinical Pathways? - Answers Systematic tool to improve care, standardized, can result in
better outcomes
What is an Oncology Pathway? - Answers Most effective, least toxic, least costly
What are Guidelines? - Answers Recommended regimens per diagnosis
What are Pathways? - Answers Based on clinical guidelines to factor in efficacy, toxicity, cost
What is Health Utilization Management? - Answers Concurrent review, evaluate medical necessity,
appropriateness, efficiency
What is Health Utilization Review? - Answers Previous review
What is need for Quality Improvement? - Answers Structure, Processes, Outcomes
Who is excluded from paying penalty of not having health insurance (ACA)? - Answers Religious,
Native Americans, Undocumented Immigrants, Prisoners, Income Below Certain Level
What was cost of cancer care in 2010? - Answers $125 billion
What was cost of cancer care in 2004 - Answers $72 billion
What is the increase of people developing cancer? - Answers 45%
What is a Mission statement? - Answers Explains reason for existence (this can change)
What is a Vision statement? - Answers Explains as it would appear in a future state (inspirational and
aspirational)
What is a Values statement? - Answers What organizations believe and how it will behave (Moral
Compass)
What is goal of Community Outreach and Prevention? - Answers Decrease time from diagnosis to
treatment, decrease barriers, facilitate access to quality of care
According to Healthy People 2020, how many people do not have health insurance? - Answers 1 in 5
According to Healthy People 2020, how many people do not have a PCP? - Answers 1 in 4
What are the biggest barriers to quality healthcare? - Answers Lack of insurance, low socio-economic
status
How many people will use all of their savings due to cost of cancer? - Answers 1 in 5
True/False: Patients without insurance are less compliant with meds and treatment - Answers True
How many people were uninsured in 2010 - Answers 50 million
How many new cancers were diagnosed in 2015 - Answers 1.6 million
True/False: More men are diagnosed with cancer than women - Answers True
True/False: More whites are diagnosed with cancer than blacks - Answers False
How many cancer survivors are there? - Answers 14.5 million
What are Cancer Costs by 2020 - Answers $173 Billion
When was Affordable Care Act Passed - Answers 2010
What is the Affordable Care Act - Answers By 1/1/14 citizens must have health ins or pay penalty
What is NCCN Distress Thermometer - Answers Tool to identify barriers and issues of distress
What is Mullan's Seasons of Survival Model - Answers 3 stages of survival - Acute, Extended,
Permanent
What is Bidimensional Orientation of NN Role - Answers Patient-centered and healthcare system-
centered
What is the Freeman Model - Answers Navigation model using community members to help
underserved and poor gain access to breast cancer screenings
What is Major Purpose of Navigation - Answers Provide personal assistance in eliminating barriers to
care
What is Belmont Report and Informed Consent - Answers Informed Consent is an example of the
ethical principle Autonomy
When did ONS Implemented NN Role - Answers 2008
Lillie's Book When - Answers 2011
When was Patient Navigation Research Program Formed - Answers 2002
What is CoC Standard 3.1 - Answers ID and address a new barrier each year
What is Palliative Care - Answers Symptom Management, not hospice
What is #1 of wishes in dying patients? - Answers Be Kept Clean (99% of patients)
What to Expect --> Physical Condition - Answers 96% of patients say this is important
What % of patients wish to die at home - Answers 50-90%
How many patients die at home - Answers 10-35%
How many patients die in hospitals - Answers 50-60%
What is average length of time pt receives hospice - Answers 5 days
What is % ICU deaths of metastatic patients - Answers 21%
What do patients think when they hear: "Hopeful your tumor will respond to this treatment" -
Answers 30-81% patients think "cure"
True/False: Being honest doesn't take away hope - Answers True
What is #1 fear of entering hospice - Answers Fear of abandonment by their doctor
What are 3 Phases of Hope? - Answers 1) miracle, 2) long life w/quality of life, 3) accepting shortened
life but still hope for quality of life
What is the mean cost of cancer care in last 6 months of life? - Answers $74,000 (only 4% is hospice)
True/False: Advanced Directives are just CPR - Answers False
True/False: Poor communication is why pts don't get care they desire - Answers True
What is Role of Navigation - Answers Improve patient's timely access to cancer-related care
throughout the cancer continuum
When Was Term "Patient Navigation" First Coined - Answers 1990's by Harold Freeman in Harlem, NY
What was increase in 5-year survival rate after Freeman's program - Answers Increased from 39% to
70% in breast cancer, 94% of whom were black
What was decrease in late stage diagnosis after Freeman's program - Answers Decreased from 50% to
20% for his black patients
What is World Health Org definition of health - Answers "state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity"
What Does Health People 2020 say health is affected by? - Answers Social determinants: economic
stability, education, neighborhood, social and community, health and healthcare
Why was first patient navigation program developed in Harlem? - Answers To reduce the stage of
disease and mortality of black patients
What does 20% coinsurance mean? - Answers Pay 100% of deductible and then 20% of any remaining
healthcare costs for care received
What does TNM refer to? - Answers System used to stage and grade cancer
What is DRE? - Answers Digital Rectal Exam to evaluate prostate size/abnorm.
What are some treatments for prostate cancer? - Answers Radiation, Prostatectomy, Orchiectomy
What is role of non-licensed patient navigator? - Answers Coach patients to use their time effectively
w/physician, help them find resources and advocate for patient rights
, Highest Breast Cancer Incidence in... - Answers White Women
Highest Breast Cancer Mortality in... - Answers Black Women
What did American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer (CoC) mandate about navigation -
Answers 2012 announcement: must implement patient navigation by 1/1/15 for CoC accreditation
What did IHI develop in 2008 - Answers Triple Aim
What is Triple Aim - Answers 1) improve pt exp, 2) improve pop. health, 3) decrease cost
How many patients with cancer diagnosis in 2016 - Answers 1.6 million
How many patients with cancer diagnosis by 2030 - Answers 2.3 million
How much have cancer deaths decreased since 1991 - Answers 20%
What is the projected shortage of medical oncologists? - Answers decrease by 48%
According to IOM, what is STEEP? - Answers Safe, Timely, Effective, Efficient, Equitable, Patient
Centered
What is Quality Care? - Answers Right Care, Right Patient, Right Time, Every Time and outcomes =
evidenced based care
What is the Iowa Module? - Answers Evidence Based Practice and Research
What are some models to elicit change? - Answers Hardwiring excellence, Lean/Six Sigma, Baldridge
What is PDCA? - Answers Plan, Do, Check, Ask
What is FOCUS? - Answers Find, Organize, Clarify, Uncover, Select
What is a Pareto Chart? - Answers 80% comes from 20% of the problem
What are SMART Goals? - Answers Specific, Measureable, Achievable, Relevant, Time Based
What is FLOW - Answers Fund, Leadership, Ownership, Wisdom
When did QI measures become public? - Answers 2004
What is Organizational Mgmt? - Answers Organize, plan, lead and control resources
What is Effectiveness? - Answers Doing the right thing
What is Efficiency? - Answers Comparison/doing it right (factor of productivity)
What are Clinical Pathways? - Answers Systematic tool to improve care, standardized, can result in
better outcomes
What is an Oncology Pathway? - Answers Most effective, least toxic, least costly
What are Guidelines? - Answers Recommended regimens per diagnosis
What are Pathways? - Answers Based on clinical guidelines to factor in efficacy, toxicity, cost
What is Health Utilization Management? - Answers Concurrent review, evaluate medical necessity,
appropriateness, efficiency
What is Health Utilization Review? - Answers Previous review
What is need for Quality Improvement? - Answers Structure, Processes, Outcomes
Who is excluded from paying penalty of not having health insurance (ACA)? - Answers Religious,
Native Americans, Undocumented Immigrants, Prisoners, Income Below Certain Level
What was cost of cancer care in 2010? - Answers $125 billion
What was cost of cancer care in 2004 - Answers $72 billion
What is the increase of people developing cancer? - Answers 45%
What is a Mission statement? - Answers Explains reason for existence (this can change)
What is a Vision statement? - Answers Explains as it would appear in a future state (inspirational and
aspirational)
What is a Values statement? - Answers What organizations believe and how it will behave (Moral
Compass)
What is goal of Community Outreach and Prevention? - Answers Decrease time from diagnosis to
treatment, decrease barriers, facilitate access to quality of care
According to Healthy People 2020, how many people do not have health insurance? - Answers 1 in 5
According to Healthy People 2020, how many people do not have a PCP? - Answers 1 in 4
What are the biggest barriers to quality healthcare? - Answers Lack of insurance, low socio-economic
status
How many people will use all of their savings due to cost of cancer? - Answers 1 in 5
True/False: Patients without insurance are less compliant with meds and treatment - Answers True
How many people were uninsured in 2010 - Answers 50 million
How many new cancers were diagnosed in 2015 - Answers 1.6 million
True/False: More men are diagnosed with cancer than women - Answers True
True/False: More whites are diagnosed with cancer than blacks - Answers False
How many cancer survivors are there? - Answers 14.5 million
