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difference in addiction vs dependency - Answer-Addiction
will lead to physical withdrawl symptoms if supply is cut off
while there is no chance of physical withdrawl symptoms
from a dependency
chronic pain causes - Answer-past injuries or surgeries,
back problems, migraines, arthritis, nerve damage,
infections, fibromyalgia
What are some causes of chronic pain? - Answer-*disease
*nerve damage
*injuries that have not healed properly
*Rheumatoid arthritis
*osteoarthritis
*fibromyalgia
*cancer
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*multiple sclerosis
*stomach ulcers
*AIDS
*gallbladder disease
How do doctors find the cause of pain? - Answer-Asking
about your symptoms and your medical history, including
any illness, injury, or surgery. Your doctor will also examine
you and may order blood tests or X-rays.
Tests that pinpoint the cause of pain: - Answer-*CT scan
*MRI
*Nerve blocks
*Discography:
*Myelogram
*EMG
*Bone scans
*Ultrasound imaging
Milder forms of pain may be relieved by... - Answer-over-
the-counter medications such as Tylenol (acetaminophen)
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or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as
aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen.
Stronger medications for pain relief - Answer-muscle
relaxants, anti-anxiety drugs (such as diazepam [Valium]),
antidepressants (like duloxetine [Cymbalta] for
musculoskeletal pain), prescription NSAIDs such as
celecoxib (Celebrex), or a short course of stronger
painkillers (such as codeine, fentanyl [Duragesic, Actiq],
oxycodone and acetominophen (Percocet, Roxicet, Tylox)
or hydrocodone and acetominophen (Lorcet, Lortab, and
Vicodin). A limited number of steroid injections at the site
of a joint problem can reduce swelling and inflammation.
An epidural might be given for spinal stenosis or lower
back pain.
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) - Answer-a drug
delivery system that uses a computerized pump with a
button the patient can press to deliver a dose of an
analgesic through an intravenous catheter
Growing focus upon the individual set the scene for the
introduction of surgical anesthesia (date) - Answer-1846
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What the US Congress declared as the "Decade of Pain
Control and Research" (date) - Answer-2001-2010
Transforming practice of medicine initiated the tension
between the desire to make available the medicinal
benefits of these drugs and recognition that the
development of abuse and addiction can lead to
devastating consequences (date) - Answer-19th century
Morphine was extracted from opium by Friedrich Serturner
of Germany (date) - Answer-1803
A major change occurred. The use of opioids for chronic
pain began to increase. (date) - Answer-1990s
Codeine rescheduling prevented consumers accessing
over-the-counter opioids without a prescription. (date) -
Answer-February 2018
Dr. Charles Wood - Answer-Scottish physician, invented
the hypodermic needle and used it to inject morphine to
relieve pain from neuralgia