PATHOPHYSIOLOGY INTRODUCTORY
CONCEPTS AND CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES
VIEW AHEAD PAPER 2026
◉ Blunt force injuries Answer: -Contusion (Bruise)
-Abrasion (Scrapes)
-Laceration (gash)
-Fracture
◉ Sharp force injuries Answer: -Puncture wounds
-Stab wounds
-incised wounds (clean cut)
-chop wounds
◉ what is a asphyxial injury? Answer: oxygen deprivation injury
◉ What is necrosis? Answer: a cell is injured and can't adapt which
leads to premature death
◉ What causes necrosis? Answer: factors external to the cell or
tissue
,◉ What is apoptosis? Answer: the process of eliminating unwanted
cells, called programmed cell death
◉ Nicknamed Programmed Cell death Answer: Apoptosis
◉ This mechanism of cell death is not limited to developmental
causes but might result from environmental triggers Answer:
Apoptosis
◉ Coagulative necrosis Answer: -a type of accidental cell death
typically caused by ischemia or infarction
-proteins are denatured
the yellow stuff
◉ liquefactive necrosis Answer: -ischemia of neurons and gial cells
in the brain
-can begin from a bacterial infection (staph, strep, E. coli)
◉ Caseous Necrosis Answer: degeneration and death of tissue with a
cheese-like appearance in lungs
, ◉ Fat Necrosis Answer: Fatty tissue is broken down into fatty acids
◉ Gangrenous necrosis Answer: death of tissue from severe hypoxic
injury
◉ Dry Gangrenous Necrosis Answer: -bacteria present is minimal
-Most common form of Gangrene
-affects feet and lower extremities
◉ wet gangrenous necrosis Answer: -a lot of bacteria and WBC
present
-affects feet and lower extremities
◉ gas gangrenous necrosis Answer: -only with presents of
Clostridium, w/o oxygen
-Most fatal Gangrene
-Affects upper thigh and up
◉ What is somatic death? Answer: Death of an entire person (No
heart beat, ect.)
◉ What is Algor Mortis? Answer: postmortem reduction of body
temperature
CONCEPTS AND CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES
VIEW AHEAD PAPER 2026
◉ Blunt force injuries Answer: -Contusion (Bruise)
-Abrasion (Scrapes)
-Laceration (gash)
-Fracture
◉ Sharp force injuries Answer: -Puncture wounds
-Stab wounds
-incised wounds (clean cut)
-chop wounds
◉ what is a asphyxial injury? Answer: oxygen deprivation injury
◉ What is necrosis? Answer: a cell is injured and can't adapt which
leads to premature death
◉ What causes necrosis? Answer: factors external to the cell or
tissue
,◉ What is apoptosis? Answer: the process of eliminating unwanted
cells, called programmed cell death
◉ Nicknamed Programmed Cell death Answer: Apoptosis
◉ This mechanism of cell death is not limited to developmental
causes but might result from environmental triggers Answer:
Apoptosis
◉ Coagulative necrosis Answer: -a type of accidental cell death
typically caused by ischemia or infarction
-proteins are denatured
the yellow stuff
◉ liquefactive necrosis Answer: -ischemia of neurons and gial cells
in the brain
-can begin from a bacterial infection (staph, strep, E. coli)
◉ Caseous Necrosis Answer: degeneration and death of tissue with a
cheese-like appearance in lungs
, ◉ Fat Necrosis Answer: Fatty tissue is broken down into fatty acids
◉ Gangrenous necrosis Answer: death of tissue from severe hypoxic
injury
◉ Dry Gangrenous Necrosis Answer: -bacteria present is minimal
-Most common form of Gangrene
-affects feet and lower extremities
◉ wet gangrenous necrosis Answer: -a lot of bacteria and WBC
present
-affects feet and lower extremities
◉ gas gangrenous necrosis Answer: -only with presents of
Clostridium, w/o oxygen
-Most fatal Gangrene
-Affects upper thigh and up
◉ What is somatic death? Answer: Death of an entire person (No
heart beat, ect.)
◉ What is Algor Mortis? Answer: postmortem reduction of body
temperature
