PHI 105 TOPIC 7 QUIZ INFORMATION LITERACY
FINAL STUDY SHEET 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What is the land ethic? Answer: A thing is right when it tends to
preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community,
and it is wrong when it tends otherwise (biotic community includes
abiotic parts to sustain life: rocks, streams, mountains, soil, etc.)
◉ What is ecocentricism? Answer: Ecosystems (biotic and abiotic)
are worthy of moral consideration
◉ What is biocentricism? Answer: all life is a moral patient
◉ What is sentientism? Answer: all things are capable of pleasure
and pain are moral patients
◉ What is anthropocentricism? Answer: only moral agents are
moral patients
◉ What is moral considerability (according to Cahen)? Answer: X is
(a member of a the kind of thing that) has interests, it is wrong to
frustrate those interests, the wrongness of frustrating those
, interests does not depend on the frustration of other entities' (i.e.
humans) interests
◉ What is it to be goal directed (according to Cahen)? Answer: It
performs actions because those actions achieve its goals
◉ What is the principle of equal consideration of interests? Answer:
Anything with interests is worth moral consideration
◉ What is Sentientist Utilitarianism? Answer: Any animal with
interests are worthy of equal moral consideration when calculating
which action is best
◉ What is Animal Rights? Answer: Sentient creatures are "equal
citizens" along with humans
◉ What is anti-cruelty? Answer: We have a duty to prevent
unnecessary harm to animals
◉ What is Animal Welfare? Answer: We have a duty to improve the
well-being of animals
◉ What is Animal Liberation? Answer: It is forbidden to use animals
as means to an end
FINAL STUDY SHEET 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What is the land ethic? Answer: A thing is right when it tends to
preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community,
and it is wrong when it tends otherwise (biotic community includes
abiotic parts to sustain life: rocks, streams, mountains, soil, etc.)
◉ What is ecocentricism? Answer: Ecosystems (biotic and abiotic)
are worthy of moral consideration
◉ What is biocentricism? Answer: all life is a moral patient
◉ What is sentientism? Answer: all things are capable of pleasure
and pain are moral patients
◉ What is anthropocentricism? Answer: only moral agents are
moral patients
◉ What is moral considerability (according to Cahen)? Answer: X is
(a member of a the kind of thing that) has interests, it is wrong to
frustrate those interests, the wrongness of frustrating those
, interests does not depend on the frustration of other entities' (i.e.
humans) interests
◉ What is it to be goal directed (according to Cahen)? Answer: It
performs actions because those actions achieve its goals
◉ What is the principle of equal consideration of interests? Answer:
Anything with interests is worth moral consideration
◉ What is Sentientist Utilitarianism? Answer: Any animal with
interests are worthy of equal moral consideration when calculating
which action is best
◉ What is Animal Rights? Answer: Sentient creatures are "equal
citizens" along with humans
◉ What is anti-cruelty? Answer: We have a duty to prevent
unnecessary harm to animals
◉ What is Animal Welfare? Answer: We have a duty to improve the
well-being of animals
◉ What is Animal Liberation? Answer: It is forbidden to use animals
as means to an end
