S-130 and L-180 Final Exam study guide
COMPLETE EXAM Questions and Answers
(Verified Answers) (Latest Update 2026)
UPDATE!!
What are the 5 communication responsibilities? -CORRECTANSWER • Brief others as
needed
• Debrief your actions (AAR)
• Communicate hazards to others
• Acknowledge messages and understand intent
• Ask if you don't know
What must occur for effective communication? -CORRECTANSWER Sender, receiver,
information exchange
What reduces judgement and alertness on the fireline? -CORRECTANSWER fatigue,
stress, heat stress, physical and interior barriers
What are some human factors that affect situational awareness? -CORRECTANSWER
INEXPERIENCE (unfamiliar with area or factors)
DISTRACTION FROM PRIMARY TASK (radio traffic, conflict, pervious errors, collateral
duties, incident within incident)
FATIGUE (carbon monoxide, dehydration, heat stress, poor physical fitness)
, STRESS REACTIONS (communication deteriorates/grows tense, habitual or repetitive
behavior, target fixation, action tunneling, escalation of commitment)
HAZARDOUS ATTITUDES (invulnerable, anti-authority, impulsive, macho, complacent,
resigned, group think)
What are the steps in an after-action-review? -CORRECTANSWER What was planned?
What actually happened?
Why did it happen?
What can we do next time?
When is an AAR most effective? -CORRECTANSWER when performed immediately
after event, leader's role is to ensure skilled facilitation, reinforce respectful
disagreement is ok, focus on what instead of who, make sure everyone participates,
end on a positive note
What are the 10 standard firefighting orders? -CORRECTANSWER -Keep informed on
fire weather conditions and forecasts
-Know what your fire is doing at all times
-Base all actions on current and expected behavior of the fire
-Identify escape routes and safety zones and make them known
-Post lookouts when possible danger
-Be alert, keep calm, think clearly, act decisively
COMPLETE EXAM Questions and Answers
(Verified Answers) (Latest Update 2026)
UPDATE!!
What are the 5 communication responsibilities? -CORRECTANSWER • Brief others as
needed
• Debrief your actions (AAR)
• Communicate hazards to others
• Acknowledge messages and understand intent
• Ask if you don't know
What must occur for effective communication? -CORRECTANSWER Sender, receiver,
information exchange
What reduces judgement and alertness on the fireline? -CORRECTANSWER fatigue,
stress, heat stress, physical and interior barriers
What are some human factors that affect situational awareness? -CORRECTANSWER
INEXPERIENCE (unfamiliar with area or factors)
DISTRACTION FROM PRIMARY TASK (radio traffic, conflict, pervious errors, collateral
duties, incident within incident)
FATIGUE (carbon monoxide, dehydration, heat stress, poor physical fitness)
, STRESS REACTIONS (communication deteriorates/grows tense, habitual or repetitive
behavior, target fixation, action tunneling, escalation of commitment)
HAZARDOUS ATTITUDES (invulnerable, anti-authority, impulsive, macho, complacent,
resigned, group think)
What are the steps in an after-action-review? -CORRECTANSWER What was planned?
What actually happened?
Why did it happen?
What can we do next time?
When is an AAR most effective? -CORRECTANSWER when performed immediately
after event, leader's role is to ensure skilled facilitation, reinforce respectful
disagreement is ok, focus on what instead of who, make sure everyone participates,
end on a positive note
What are the 10 standard firefighting orders? -CORRECTANSWER -Keep informed on
fire weather conditions and forecasts
-Know what your fire is doing at all times
-Base all actions on current and expected behavior of the fire
-Identify escape routes and safety zones and make them known
-Post lookouts when possible danger
-Be alert, keep calm, think clearly, act decisively
