CMSRN || 100% Valid Answers.
what type of hyponatremia is most common, results from excessive fluid intake and leads to
decreased serum sodium concentration? correct answers dilutional hypotnatremia
symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia correct answers edema, confusion, weight gain
treatment of dilutional hyponatremia correct answers fluid restriction
what type of hyponatremia results from fluid and sodium loss? correct answers true
hyponatremia
symptoms of true hyponatremia correct answers dry tissue, weight loss, hypotension, tachycardia
treatment of true hyponatremia correct answers replace sodium AND water (NS or LR)
causes of true hyponatremia correct answers burns, hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency
what type of sodium imbalance is caused by decreased fluid intake or water loss without loss of
sodium? correct answers hypernatremia
causes of hypernatremia correct answers fever, IVF with sodium, DI, high protein TF
symptoms of hypernatremia correct answers dry tissues, weight gain, thirst, tachycardia, oliguria
treatment of hypernatremia correct answers decrease sodium, replace fluids
which electrolyte does sodium work with? correct answers chloride - works to maintain
acid/base balance
which labs are most important to watch with potassium abnormalities? correct answers renal
what does potassium have an inverse relationship with? correct answers PH, insulin, calcium
causes of hyperkalemia correct answers cell wall destruction, increased intake, potassium sparing
diuretics, renal failure, acidosis
symptoms of hyperkalemia correct answers irritable muscles, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperactive
bowels, bladder
treatment of hyperkalemia correct answers limit intake, kaexylate, calcium gluconate, IV glucose
and insulin, dialysis
what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits? correct
answers hyperkalemia
,what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in? correct answers potassium
causes of hypokalemia correct answers vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction, burns,
potassium wasting diuretics
symptoms of hypokalemia correct answers muscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation,
alkalosis, shallow respirations, cardiac arrest
treatment for hypokalemia correct answers potassium supplements, monitor magnesium levels
normal calcium level correct answers 9-10.5
where is calcium stored? correct answers bones
what vitamin is important for calcium absorption correct answers Vitamin D
what does calcium have an inverse relationship with? correct answers phosphorous
which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk? correct answers hypocalcemia
causes for hypercalcemia correct answers cancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism, excessive
vitamin D, thiazide diuretics, parathyroid tumor
symptoms of hypercalcemia correct answers sedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred
speech, impaired memory (decreased LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones
treatment for hypercalcemia correct answers decrease intake, encourage fluids, loop diuretics,
phosphate administration
causes of hypocalcemia correct answers decreased intake, decreased vitamin D, increased
phosphate levels, renal disease, pacreatitis, alcoholism, pregnancy
symptoms of hypocalcemia correct answers chvosteks, trousseaus, laryngospasm, tingling in
fingers/toes/lips, coagulopathy
treatment of hypocalcemia correct answers increased intake, vitamin D, IV calcium gluconate,
phosphate binding antacids
sign of hypocalcemia that causes twitching of face if you tap the front of the ear? correct answers
chvosteks sign
sign of hypocalcemia that causes carpal tunnel/turning in of hands? correct answers trousseaus
sign
normal level of phosphate correct answers 3-4.5
, symptoms of this electrolyte imbalance are opposite of calcium since it has an inverse
relationship correct answers phosphate
Normal level of magnesium correct answers 1.3-2.1
Normal level of sodium correct answers 135-145
normal level of potassium correct answers 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
symptoms of hypermagnesemia correct answers poor renal excretion, muscular depression
symptoms of hypomagnesemia correct answers Hyperactive deep tissue reflexes, tremors,
seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, confusion (resembles hypocalcemia)
treatment for hypermagnesemia correct answers calcium gluconate
what is serum osmolality? correct answers how thick solution is
what does it mean if serum osmolality is high? correct answers the patient is dry
what type of solution is NS, LR? correct answers isotonic
what does an isotonic solution do? correct answers expands blood volume
increases blood pressure if dehydrated
has same osmolarity as our cells
can cause electrolyte increase
what type of solution is D5LR, D5NS? correct answers hypertonic
what does a hypertonic solution do? correct answers Pulls fluid into the intravascular space from
tissue, do NOT give if dehydrated
what type of solution is 1/2 NS, 1/4 NS? correct answers hypotonic
what does a hypotonic solution do? correct answers contain less solute than our cells
used for cellular hydration
has more water than electrolytes
given after surgery due to dehydration
What organ metabolizes most nutrients? correct answers liver
gallbladder location correct answers RUQ
appendix location correct answers RLQ
stomach location correct answers LUQ
what type of hyponatremia is most common, results from excessive fluid intake and leads to
decreased serum sodium concentration? correct answers dilutional hypotnatremia
symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia correct answers edema, confusion, weight gain
treatment of dilutional hyponatremia correct answers fluid restriction
what type of hyponatremia results from fluid and sodium loss? correct answers true
hyponatremia
symptoms of true hyponatremia correct answers dry tissue, weight loss, hypotension, tachycardia
treatment of true hyponatremia correct answers replace sodium AND water (NS or LR)
causes of true hyponatremia correct answers burns, hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency
what type of sodium imbalance is caused by decreased fluid intake or water loss without loss of
sodium? correct answers hypernatremia
causes of hypernatremia correct answers fever, IVF with sodium, DI, high protein TF
symptoms of hypernatremia correct answers dry tissues, weight gain, thirst, tachycardia, oliguria
treatment of hypernatremia correct answers decrease sodium, replace fluids
which electrolyte does sodium work with? correct answers chloride - works to maintain
acid/base balance
which labs are most important to watch with potassium abnormalities? correct answers renal
what does potassium have an inverse relationship with? correct answers PH, insulin, calcium
causes of hyperkalemia correct answers cell wall destruction, increased intake, potassium sparing
diuretics, renal failure, acidosis
symptoms of hyperkalemia correct answers irritable muscles, cardiac arrhythmias, hyperactive
bowels, bladder
treatment of hyperkalemia correct answers limit intake, kaexylate, calcium gluconate, IV glucose
and insulin, dialysis
what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus fruits? correct
answers hyperkalemia
,what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in? correct answers potassium
causes of hypokalemia correct answers vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction, burns,
potassium wasting diuretics
symptoms of hypokalemia correct answers muscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation,
alkalosis, shallow respirations, cardiac arrest
treatment for hypokalemia correct answers potassium supplements, monitor magnesium levels
normal calcium level correct answers 9-10.5
where is calcium stored? correct answers bones
what vitamin is important for calcium absorption correct answers Vitamin D
what does calcium have an inverse relationship with? correct answers phosphorous
which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk? correct answers hypocalcemia
causes for hypercalcemia correct answers cancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism, excessive
vitamin D, thiazide diuretics, parathyroid tumor
symptoms of hypercalcemia correct answers sedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred
speech, impaired memory (decreased LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones
treatment for hypercalcemia correct answers decrease intake, encourage fluids, loop diuretics,
phosphate administration
causes of hypocalcemia correct answers decreased intake, decreased vitamin D, increased
phosphate levels, renal disease, pacreatitis, alcoholism, pregnancy
symptoms of hypocalcemia correct answers chvosteks, trousseaus, laryngospasm, tingling in
fingers/toes/lips, coagulopathy
treatment of hypocalcemia correct answers increased intake, vitamin D, IV calcium gluconate,
phosphate binding antacids
sign of hypocalcemia that causes twitching of face if you tap the front of the ear? correct answers
chvosteks sign
sign of hypocalcemia that causes carpal tunnel/turning in of hands? correct answers trousseaus
sign
normal level of phosphate correct answers 3-4.5
, symptoms of this electrolyte imbalance are opposite of calcium since it has an inverse
relationship correct answers phosphate
Normal level of magnesium correct answers 1.3-2.1
Normal level of sodium correct answers 135-145
normal level of potassium correct answers 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
symptoms of hypermagnesemia correct answers poor renal excretion, muscular depression
symptoms of hypomagnesemia correct answers Hyperactive deep tissue reflexes, tremors,
seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, confusion (resembles hypocalcemia)
treatment for hypermagnesemia correct answers calcium gluconate
what is serum osmolality? correct answers how thick solution is
what does it mean if serum osmolality is high? correct answers the patient is dry
what type of solution is NS, LR? correct answers isotonic
what does an isotonic solution do? correct answers expands blood volume
increases blood pressure if dehydrated
has same osmolarity as our cells
can cause electrolyte increase
what type of solution is D5LR, D5NS? correct answers hypertonic
what does a hypertonic solution do? correct answers Pulls fluid into the intravascular space from
tissue, do NOT give if dehydrated
what type of solution is 1/2 NS, 1/4 NS? correct answers hypotonic
what does a hypotonic solution do? correct answers contain less solute than our cells
used for cellular hydration
has more water than electrolytes
given after surgery due to dehydration
What organ metabolizes most nutrients? correct answers liver
gallbladder location correct answers RUQ
appendix location correct answers RLQ
stomach location correct answers LUQ
