Nurs 5315 UTA Exam 2 | EXAM
(2026/2027) | EXAM (updated 2026)
Study Guide Exam fully solved With
Correct Verified AND Detailed Solutions
& updated 2026 (latest version verified
for accuracy) | 2026\2027 Latest!! Update
Guarantee Pass!!!
Mast cell - ANSWERS-Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue
close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - ANSWERS-Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability,
increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - ANSWERS-Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or
adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or
anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines - ANSWERS-Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and
eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins - ANSWERS-Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by
the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain,
and fever.
,Chemotactic factors - ANSWERS-Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the
site of inflammation
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - ANSWERS-can use urine, saliva, or serum
(most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99%
accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Neutrophils - ANSWERS-Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of
acute inflammation
Monocytes - ANSWERS-Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible
for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell
immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - ANSWERS-Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes
and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - ANSWERS-Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and
promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - ANSWERS-Causes fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - ANSWERS-Promotes production and maturation of
neutrophils
Complement - ANSWERS-Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased
vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
, Kinin - ANSWERS-Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and
chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - ANSWERS-Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin
mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 - ANSWERS-Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides gastroprotection,
platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 - ANSWERS-Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain, fever,
renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - ANSWERS-Protect gastric mucosa- prevent
ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex. Can
impair renal function , monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose - ANSWERS-Synthesis of prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS - ANSWERS-Inhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric ulceration,
GI bleeds, edema, renal impairment
ASA - ANSWERS-Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits Thromboxane A2 and
prostaglandins
Corticosteroids - ANSWERS-Inhibit phospholipase A2, preventing formation of
prostaglandins, thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, and leukotrines
Thromboxane - ANSWERS-Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
Prostacyclin - ANSWERS-Vasodilation, platelet aggregation (most effective one)
(2026/2027) | EXAM (updated 2026)
Study Guide Exam fully solved With
Correct Verified AND Detailed Solutions
& updated 2026 (latest version verified
for accuracy) | 2026\2027 Latest!! Update
Guarantee Pass!!!
Mast cell - ANSWERS-Cellular bags of granules located in loose connective tisssue
close to blood vessels. Activation initiates inflammatory process.
Histamine - ANSWERS-Causes vasodilation, increases vascular permeability,
increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes erythema and swelling.
Cytokines - ANSWERS-Soluble factors that contribute to the regulation of innate or
adaptive resistance by affecting other neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or
anti-inflammatory. Can react quickly or be more delayed.
Leukotrines - ANSWERS-Released when mast cells degranulate, prolong the
inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract neutrophils, monocytes, and
eosinophils.target of inhibition for singular.
Prostaglandins - ANSWERS-Released when mast cells degranulate, are produced by
the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation, platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain,
and fever.
,Chemotactic factors - ANSWERS-Biochemical substance that attracts leukocyte to the
site of inflammation
HIV EIA (3rd generation immunoassay) - ANSWERS-can use urine, saliva, or serum
(most accurate), need to wait until 12 weeks post exposure to see antibodies, >99%
accurate
4th generation immunoassay- "gold standard"
measures P24 antigen
can test 10 days post exposure
Neutrophils - ANSWERS-Predominant leukocyte at work during the early stages of
acute inflammation
Monocytes - ANSWERS-Become macrophages when entering the tissue, responsible
for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell
immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
Cytokine IL1 function - ANSWERS-Causes fever, activates phagocytes & lymphocytes
and also increases the release of IL6a
Cytokine IL6 function - ANSWERS-Stimulates production of acute phase reactants and
promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
Cytokine TNF function - ANSWERS-Causes fever, increases synthesis of
proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces thrombosis
Cytokine growth factor function - ANSWERS-Promotes production and maturation of
neutrophils
Complement - ANSWERS-Functions include bacterial lysis, vasodilation and increased
vascular permeability, triggers mast cell degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
, Kinin - ANSWERS-Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for pain and
chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and vasodilation.
Coagulation cascade - ANSWERS-Factor XII activates kinin. Function is to form fibrin
mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
COX1 - ANSWERS-Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides gastroprotection,
platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
COX2 - ANSWERS-Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible for pain, fever,
renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction development.
COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications - ANSWERS-Protect gastric mucosa- prevent
ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t cardiac events except for Celebrex. Can
impair renal function , monitor labs.
Arachidonic pathway purpose - ANSWERS-Synthesis of prostaglandins
Non-selective NSAIDS - ANSWERS-Inhibit COX1 and COX2, risk for gastric ulceration,
GI bleeds, edema, renal impairment
ASA - ANSWERS-Blocks COX1 and COX2, also inhibits Thromboxane A2 and
prostaglandins
Corticosteroids - ANSWERS-Inhibit phospholipase A2, preventing formation of
prostaglandins, thromboxane A2, prostacyclin, and leukotrines
Thromboxane - ANSWERS-Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation
Prostacyclin - ANSWERS-Vasodilation, platelet aggregation (most effective one)
