ACVPM Epidemiology and Biostats Actual Exam
Newest 2026-2027 With Complete Questions And
Correct Detailed Answers| Brand New Version!
Which of the following study designs can a relative risk or risk ratio NOT
be used in?
a. Cohort study
b. Randomized control study
c. Cross-sectional studies
d. Case-control studies
d. Case-control studies
This is because the probability of disease is determined by enrollment
(T/F) Relative Risk is calculated from prevalence data
False - INCIDENCE data!
1|Page
,A study (analytic, observational) has been conducted in
which the sample size was adequate and bias has been
controlled. Now, if the relative risk of association
between a risk factor and the disease is equal to or less
than one;
A. There is no association between the factor and the
disease
B. The factor protects against development of the disease
C. Either the matching or randomization has been
unsuccessful
D. The comparison group used was unsuitable and a
valid comparison is not possible
E. There is either no association or a negative
association between the factor and the disease
E. There is either no association or a negative
association between the factor and the disease
(must account for both 1 which is the null and less than one)
2|Page
,Explain why it would or would not be appropriate to estimate "relative
risk" from a typical cohort study
It is appropriate to calculate RR from a
cohort study. RR is calculated using
incidence data which can be determined
from a cohort study.
What is the odds ratio, mathematically?
Ratio of odds of disease in the exposed group to the odds of disease in
the unexposed group
OR = odds(D+|E+)/odds(D+|E-)
What is the range for an odds ratio?
0 to infinity
An odds ratio of < 1 means what?
exposure is negatively associated
3|Page
, An odds ratio equal to 1 means what?
Exposure has no effect
An odds ratio of >1 means what?
Exposure is positively assocaited
(T/F) An odds ratio can be used in case-control studies
True
When is the Odds Ratio a good estimate of the Relative Risk?
In rare disease, where RR is appx 1
What are two types of interactions (combined effect of two predictor
variables)
Synergistic - presence of both predictor variables potentiates the effect
(2+2 = 6)
4|Page
Newest 2026-2027 With Complete Questions And
Correct Detailed Answers| Brand New Version!
Which of the following study designs can a relative risk or risk ratio NOT
be used in?
a. Cohort study
b. Randomized control study
c. Cross-sectional studies
d. Case-control studies
d. Case-control studies
This is because the probability of disease is determined by enrollment
(T/F) Relative Risk is calculated from prevalence data
False - INCIDENCE data!
1|Page
,A study (analytic, observational) has been conducted in
which the sample size was adequate and bias has been
controlled. Now, if the relative risk of association
between a risk factor and the disease is equal to or less
than one;
A. There is no association between the factor and the
disease
B. The factor protects against development of the disease
C. Either the matching or randomization has been
unsuccessful
D. The comparison group used was unsuitable and a
valid comparison is not possible
E. There is either no association or a negative
association between the factor and the disease
E. There is either no association or a negative
association between the factor and the disease
(must account for both 1 which is the null and less than one)
2|Page
,Explain why it would or would not be appropriate to estimate "relative
risk" from a typical cohort study
It is appropriate to calculate RR from a
cohort study. RR is calculated using
incidence data which can be determined
from a cohort study.
What is the odds ratio, mathematically?
Ratio of odds of disease in the exposed group to the odds of disease in
the unexposed group
OR = odds(D+|E+)/odds(D+|E-)
What is the range for an odds ratio?
0 to infinity
An odds ratio of < 1 means what?
exposure is negatively associated
3|Page
, An odds ratio equal to 1 means what?
Exposure has no effect
An odds ratio of >1 means what?
Exposure is positively assocaited
(T/F) An odds ratio can be used in case-control studies
True
When is the Odds Ratio a good estimate of the Relative Risk?
In rare disease, where RR is appx 1
What are two types of interactions (combined effect of two predictor
variables)
Synergistic - presence of both predictor variables potentiates the effect
(2+2 = 6)
4|Page
