NE 110 EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS RATED A+
What is Dose-Response? - ANSWER Based on action-effect describing toxic effect
(response) based on the amount of toxin (dose).
What are human doses commonly measured in? - ANSWER PPM and PPB
ED 50 - ANSWER Dose at which 50% of subjects experience effects
LD 50 - ANSWER Dose at which 50% of subjects die.
What are the kinds of Hazard Identification? - ANSWER Human Reports, Animal Studies,
and Read-Across Predicitions
Types of Human Reports - ANSWER Medical Reports, Anecodtal Reports, and
Epidemiological Studies
Why are Animal Studies Important? - ANSWER They help determine the ratio between
the benefical dose and the toxic dose of medications.
Medical Reports - ANSWER Documenting the effects a person has following exposure
Anecdotal Reports - ANSWER Information gathered through stories/word-of-mouth.
Contains heavy bias.
Epidemiological Studies - ANSWER Foundation of disease control through tracking
prevalence, natural history, and identifying determinants or causes
, Read-Across Predictions - ANSWER Using similar atomic structures to predict the
outcomes of other compounds.
Example of Read-Across Predicitions? - ANSWER Many organic chlorinated compounds
are carcinogenic, which is logical since their structure is similar and they would have
similar properties.
CNS Effects - ANSWER Anything that effects the brain and causes reversible or
irreverisble irritation: Such as motor skills, reasoning, mental clairty, headaches,
confusion and loss of nerve function.
Factors That Affect Toxicity - ANSWER Form of the substance, Dosage, Route of
exposure, Species, Life Stage, Absorption of Toxicant, Metabolism,
Distribution/Excretion from the Body, Health of the Individual, and Co-exposures.
NOAELs - ANSWER Highest exposure where no people experienced any negative health
outcomes.
LOAELs - ANSWER Exposure where people first experienced negative health outcomes.
Positive Control - ANSWER An experimental treatment which results in the desired
effect.
Negative Control - ANSWER An experimental treatment which does not result in the
desired effect.
Health Effects of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) - ANSWER Have similar, or even more toxic,
health outcomes when compared to asbestos.
Bulk Materials - ANSWER Generally have to consider the state of matter.
ANSWERS RATED A+
What is Dose-Response? - ANSWER Based on action-effect describing toxic effect
(response) based on the amount of toxin (dose).
What are human doses commonly measured in? - ANSWER PPM and PPB
ED 50 - ANSWER Dose at which 50% of subjects experience effects
LD 50 - ANSWER Dose at which 50% of subjects die.
What are the kinds of Hazard Identification? - ANSWER Human Reports, Animal Studies,
and Read-Across Predicitions
Types of Human Reports - ANSWER Medical Reports, Anecodtal Reports, and
Epidemiological Studies
Why are Animal Studies Important? - ANSWER They help determine the ratio between
the benefical dose and the toxic dose of medications.
Medical Reports - ANSWER Documenting the effects a person has following exposure
Anecdotal Reports - ANSWER Information gathered through stories/word-of-mouth.
Contains heavy bias.
Epidemiological Studies - ANSWER Foundation of disease control through tracking
prevalence, natural history, and identifying determinants or causes
, Read-Across Predictions - ANSWER Using similar atomic structures to predict the
outcomes of other compounds.
Example of Read-Across Predicitions? - ANSWER Many organic chlorinated compounds
are carcinogenic, which is logical since their structure is similar and they would have
similar properties.
CNS Effects - ANSWER Anything that effects the brain and causes reversible or
irreverisble irritation: Such as motor skills, reasoning, mental clairty, headaches,
confusion and loss of nerve function.
Factors That Affect Toxicity - ANSWER Form of the substance, Dosage, Route of
exposure, Species, Life Stage, Absorption of Toxicant, Metabolism,
Distribution/Excretion from the Body, Health of the Individual, and Co-exposures.
NOAELs - ANSWER Highest exposure where no people experienced any negative health
outcomes.
LOAELs - ANSWER Exposure where people first experienced negative health outcomes.
Positive Control - ANSWER An experimental treatment which results in the desired
effect.
Negative Control - ANSWER An experimental treatment which does not result in the
desired effect.
Health Effects of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) - ANSWER Have similar, or even more toxic,
health outcomes when compared to asbestos.
Bulk Materials - ANSWER Generally have to consider the state of matter.
