Nur 265 – GI || All Solutions are Accurate.
Stomach correct answers • 3 Parts: the fundus, body and atrium
• Major function is to act as a reservoir for food.
• the cardiac sphincter is located near the esophagus and the pyloric sphincter is located near the
duodenum
Gastric Secretions correct answers Occur in three distinct phases
• Cephalic - initiated by the sign, smell and taste of food acting on the cerebral cortical receptors
that stimulate the vagus nerve
• Gastric - gastrin enters the bloodstream from he antrum and stimulates the production of gastric
juices
• Intestinal - when hydrochloric acid enters the duodenum, the hormone secretin is secreted.
Secretin inhibits the gastric phase
(Diagnostic Test) Upper GI With Small Bowel correct answers Consist of x-ray films of the
lower esophagus, stomach and duodenum usually using barium sulfate as contrast medium.
• Purpose: to detect ulcerations, tumors, inflammation or anatomic malposition of upper GI
organs
• Patient drinks barium beverage, will be asked to change positions several times during
procedure
(Diagnostic Test) Upper GI With Small Bowel correct answers Pre-Procedure
• NPO after midnight the day before
• For an air contrast upper GI, patient will rapidly swallow carbonated powder. This creates CO2
providing air contrast to barium and increased visualization of gastric mucosa
Post-Procedure
• Milk of Magnesia, if barium was given. Barium can hardened and cause fecal impaction
• Stools will be barium colored (gray/white) 1-2 days afterwards
,(Diagnostic Test) Colonoscopy correct answers Allows for direct visualization of the rectum,
colon, and small bowel. Used to diagnose pathologic conditions of these organs. The entire
cecum to anus can be visualized
• Used for patients at high risk for colon cancer, hemoccult-possitive stools, lower GI bleeding,
or changes in bowel habits.
• Polyps may be removed during the test. A biopsy or endoscopic surgery may follow
• Patient is in lateral recumbent (lying on side) position
• Complications - bowel perforation, bleeding, respiratory sedation (oversedation from meds)
(Diagnostic Test) Colonoscopy correct answers Pre-Procedure
• Bowel prep:
- 2 day prep - clear liquids for 2 days along with a strong cathartic (Mag Citrate). An enema is
given the day of exam
- 1 day prep (more common) - patient ingests a gallon of Colyte, enema is not usually needed.
Gallon should be consumed in 4 hours
• Patients need to drink large amounts of water to prevent dehydration
• Bowel prep decreased for elderly and pediatric patients
• IV - Versed & Demerol for sedation. Atrophine to decrease secretions
(Diagnostic Test) Flexible Sigmoidscopy correct answers Allows visualization of the anus,
rectum and sigmoid colon to 60 cm.
• Can be performed in a physicians office.
• Less bowel prep is needed.
• Sometimes it is combined with a barium enema for more accuracy
• Usually doesn't require and sedation
(Diagnostic Test) Esophagastroduodenoscopy (EGD) correct answers Allows visualization and
biopsy of the esophagus, stomach and duodemun with a fiberoptic endoscope.
, • Active bleeding can be treated by injecting sclerosing agents into the bleeding area
• Laser beams can pass through endoscope to perform surgery (obliteration of tumors/polyps)
• Strictures can be dilated, PEG tubes and biliary stents can be placed
(Diagnostic Test) Esophagastroduodenoscopy (EGD) correct answers Pre-Procedure
• NPO after midnight the night before
• Throat is anesthetized with Xylocaine or other anesthetic spray
• Patient is usually sedated
• Air is injected to distend the upper GI
Post-Procedure
• Check for gag reflex before giving food or fluids. Usually takes 2 hrs to return.
• Complications - bleeding, perforation, oversedation
(Diagnostic Studies) Barium Enema correct answers Series of x-ray films used to visualize the
colon and small intestine
• Purpose: locate tumors, polyps and diverticuli
• Bowel prep before test typically includes diet restriction, hydration, oral cathartic, and
cleansing enemas
(Diagnostic Studies) Barium Enema correct answers Pre-Procedure
• Clear liquids, no dairy for lunch and supper.
• Drink 1 glass of water each hour for 8-10 hours
• Early afternoon, one full bottle of Magnesium Citrate
• Evening: 3 Ducolax
• NPO after midnight
Day of Exam
• Ducolax suppository, cleansing enema or both. Prep may be reduced for elderly or pediatric
patients
Stomach correct answers • 3 Parts: the fundus, body and atrium
• Major function is to act as a reservoir for food.
• the cardiac sphincter is located near the esophagus and the pyloric sphincter is located near the
duodenum
Gastric Secretions correct answers Occur in three distinct phases
• Cephalic - initiated by the sign, smell and taste of food acting on the cerebral cortical receptors
that stimulate the vagus nerve
• Gastric - gastrin enters the bloodstream from he antrum and stimulates the production of gastric
juices
• Intestinal - when hydrochloric acid enters the duodenum, the hormone secretin is secreted.
Secretin inhibits the gastric phase
(Diagnostic Test) Upper GI With Small Bowel correct answers Consist of x-ray films of the
lower esophagus, stomach and duodenum usually using barium sulfate as contrast medium.
• Purpose: to detect ulcerations, tumors, inflammation or anatomic malposition of upper GI
organs
• Patient drinks barium beverage, will be asked to change positions several times during
procedure
(Diagnostic Test) Upper GI With Small Bowel correct answers Pre-Procedure
• NPO after midnight the day before
• For an air contrast upper GI, patient will rapidly swallow carbonated powder. This creates CO2
providing air contrast to barium and increased visualization of gastric mucosa
Post-Procedure
• Milk of Magnesia, if barium was given. Barium can hardened and cause fecal impaction
• Stools will be barium colored (gray/white) 1-2 days afterwards
,(Diagnostic Test) Colonoscopy correct answers Allows for direct visualization of the rectum,
colon, and small bowel. Used to diagnose pathologic conditions of these organs. The entire
cecum to anus can be visualized
• Used for patients at high risk for colon cancer, hemoccult-possitive stools, lower GI bleeding,
or changes in bowel habits.
• Polyps may be removed during the test. A biopsy or endoscopic surgery may follow
• Patient is in lateral recumbent (lying on side) position
• Complications - bowel perforation, bleeding, respiratory sedation (oversedation from meds)
(Diagnostic Test) Colonoscopy correct answers Pre-Procedure
• Bowel prep:
- 2 day prep - clear liquids for 2 days along with a strong cathartic (Mag Citrate). An enema is
given the day of exam
- 1 day prep (more common) - patient ingests a gallon of Colyte, enema is not usually needed.
Gallon should be consumed in 4 hours
• Patients need to drink large amounts of water to prevent dehydration
• Bowel prep decreased for elderly and pediatric patients
• IV - Versed & Demerol for sedation. Atrophine to decrease secretions
(Diagnostic Test) Flexible Sigmoidscopy correct answers Allows visualization of the anus,
rectum and sigmoid colon to 60 cm.
• Can be performed in a physicians office.
• Less bowel prep is needed.
• Sometimes it is combined with a barium enema for more accuracy
• Usually doesn't require and sedation
(Diagnostic Test) Esophagastroduodenoscopy (EGD) correct answers Allows visualization and
biopsy of the esophagus, stomach and duodemun with a fiberoptic endoscope.
, • Active bleeding can be treated by injecting sclerosing agents into the bleeding area
• Laser beams can pass through endoscope to perform surgery (obliteration of tumors/polyps)
• Strictures can be dilated, PEG tubes and biliary stents can be placed
(Diagnostic Test) Esophagastroduodenoscopy (EGD) correct answers Pre-Procedure
• NPO after midnight the night before
• Throat is anesthetized with Xylocaine or other anesthetic spray
• Patient is usually sedated
• Air is injected to distend the upper GI
Post-Procedure
• Check for gag reflex before giving food or fluids. Usually takes 2 hrs to return.
• Complications - bleeding, perforation, oversedation
(Diagnostic Studies) Barium Enema correct answers Series of x-ray films used to visualize the
colon and small intestine
• Purpose: locate tumors, polyps and diverticuli
• Bowel prep before test typically includes diet restriction, hydration, oral cathartic, and
cleansing enemas
(Diagnostic Studies) Barium Enema correct answers Pre-Procedure
• Clear liquids, no dairy for lunch and supper.
• Drink 1 glass of water each hour for 8-10 hours
• Early afternoon, one full bottle of Magnesium Citrate
• Evening: 3 Ducolax
• NPO after midnight
Day of Exam
• Ducolax suppository, cleansing enema or both. Prep may be reduced for elderly or pediatric
patients
