CPCE Exam || Top Grade Assured.
Empirically validated Treatment or Empirically Supported treatment correct answers When
counselors do integrate research into practice.
Correlation correct answers Correlation is simply an association. It is not the same as causality.
The correlation between people who have an umbrella open and rain is very high, but opening
your umbrella does not cause it to rain.
Three types of correlations correct answers Go from negative 1 to 0 to positive 1. Zero means no
correlation while positive 1 and negative 1 are perfect correlations. A negative .5 is not higher
than a correlation of -.5 In fact, a correlation of -.8 is stronger than a correlation of .5.
A positive correlation: when x goes up, y goes up. For example, when you study more, your GPA
goes up.
A negative correlation: when x goes up y goes down. For example, the more you brush your
teeth, the less you will be plagued by cavities.
Quantitative research correct answers when one quanitifes or measures things. It yields numbers.
Qualitative research correct answers When does research does not use numberical data
Bubbles correct answers When research has flaws
What is a true experiment? correct answers Two or more groups are udes.
What is random sampling? correct answers People are picked randomly and placed in groups
using random assignment.
Systematic sampling correct answers where every nth person is chosen can also be used howere,
researchers stillprefer random sampling and random assignment
,What is quasi-experimental research? correct answers When the groups are not picked at random
or the researcher cannot control the IV then it is a quasi rather than a true experiment. quasi-
experimental research does not ensure causality.
What is the independent variable correct answers The experimental group gets the IV and it is
known as the experimental variable.
what is the DV or dependent variable? correct answers the outcome data in the study is called the
DV. If we want to see if eating carrots raises one's IQ then eating carrots is the IV while the IQ
scores at the end of the study would be the DV.
Type I alpha error correct answers When a researcher rejects a null hypothesis that is true.
Type II beta error correct answers When a research accepts null when it should have been
rejected.
What is significance levels in social science? correct answers .05 or less (.01 to .001) The
signifcance level gives you the probability of a type 1 error.
N=1 correct answers a single subject design or case study and thus does not rely on IV, DV,
control group, ect. Case studies are becoming more popular.
Demand characteristics correct answers evident when subjects in a study have cues regarding
what the researcher deires or does not desire that influence their behavior. This can counfound an
experiment rendering the research inaccurate.
An obtrustive or a reactive measure correct answers if subjects know they are being observed.
Observers' presence can influence subject's behavior rather than merely the experimental variable
or treatment modality.
,Unobtrusive measure correct answers When subjects are not aware that they are being measured.
Internal vailidty correct answers when an experimental has few flaws and thus findings are
accurate. The IV caused the changes in the DV, not some other factor (known as confounding
extraneous variables or artifacts). When internal vaility is low the researcher didn't measure what
he thought he measured.
External validity correct answers it is high when the results in a study can be generalized to other
settings.
A t test correct answers a popular parametric test for comparing two means.
ANOVA or analysis of variance correct answers Also called a one-way ANOVA. used when you
have two or means to compare. The t test and the ANOVA are parametric measures for normally
distributed populations. The ANOVA provides F values and the F test will tell you if significant
differences are present.
MANOVA correct answers Used when you are investigating more than one DV>
A factorail analysis of variance correct answers When you are investigating more than one
IV/experimental variable (if you have two IVs it would be called a two-way ANOVA three IVs a
three way ANOVA.)
Chi square correct answers if the population is not necessarily normal then this nonparametric
test is used. or a Kruskal-wallace can be used.
Ex post facto or causal comparative design correct answers if the researcher did not manipulate
the variable and you are looing at after the fact data, the the research is not a true experiment.
Descriptive statistics correct answers statistics that describe central tendency like the mean,
median, the mode, the range, quartiles, the variance and the standard deviation.
, Statistical analyses correct answers include correlation, coefficients, t tests, ANOVAs, Analusis
of Covariance, Chi square, Krushal Wallis
Cohort studies correct answers examine a group of people who have something in common
Longitudinal research correct answers tkaes place when the same individuals are evaluated over
a period of time.
Cross-sectional research correct answers Relies on observation or data from a given point in
time.
Formative evaluation correct answers takes place during treatmetn or while a program is going
on while summative or outcomes evaluations occurs at the end of a program or treatment (e.g.
after the final session of counseling)
Between groups design correct answers Uses different subjects in the different groups (e.g. one
group of subjects for the control group and another group of subjects for the experimental group)
Within groups repeated measures design correct answers uses the same subjects for the control
condition and then at a different time for the IV/experimental conditions.
Scope of practice correct answers implies that you only practice if you are adequately trained in a
given area or with a given population.
A counselor's duty to warn correct answers Based on the Tarasoff case. This principle now states
that if a client is going to harm him or herself, somebody else, or both, you will break
confidenctiality and contact the appropriate people (the police, the target person) to ward off this
tragedy.
Empirically validated Treatment or Empirically Supported treatment correct answers When
counselors do integrate research into practice.
Correlation correct answers Correlation is simply an association. It is not the same as causality.
The correlation between people who have an umbrella open and rain is very high, but opening
your umbrella does not cause it to rain.
Three types of correlations correct answers Go from negative 1 to 0 to positive 1. Zero means no
correlation while positive 1 and negative 1 are perfect correlations. A negative .5 is not higher
than a correlation of -.5 In fact, a correlation of -.8 is stronger than a correlation of .5.
A positive correlation: when x goes up, y goes up. For example, when you study more, your GPA
goes up.
A negative correlation: when x goes up y goes down. For example, the more you brush your
teeth, the less you will be plagued by cavities.
Quantitative research correct answers when one quanitifes or measures things. It yields numbers.
Qualitative research correct answers When does research does not use numberical data
Bubbles correct answers When research has flaws
What is a true experiment? correct answers Two or more groups are udes.
What is random sampling? correct answers People are picked randomly and placed in groups
using random assignment.
Systematic sampling correct answers where every nth person is chosen can also be used howere,
researchers stillprefer random sampling and random assignment
,What is quasi-experimental research? correct answers When the groups are not picked at random
or the researcher cannot control the IV then it is a quasi rather than a true experiment. quasi-
experimental research does not ensure causality.
What is the independent variable correct answers The experimental group gets the IV and it is
known as the experimental variable.
what is the DV or dependent variable? correct answers the outcome data in the study is called the
DV. If we want to see if eating carrots raises one's IQ then eating carrots is the IV while the IQ
scores at the end of the study would be the DV.
Type I alpha error correct answers When a researcher rejects a null hypothesis that is true.
Type II beta error correct answers When a research accepts null when it should have been
rejected.
What is significance levels in social science? correct answers .05 or less (.01 to .001) The
signifcance level gives you the probability of a type 1 error.
N=1 correct answers a single subject design or case study and thus does not rely on IV, DV,
control group, ect. Case studies are becoming more popular.
Demand characteristics correct answers evident when subjects in a study have cues regarding
what the researcher deires or does not desire that influence their behavior. This can counfound an
experiment rendering the research inaccurate.
An obtrustive or a reactive measure correct answers if subjects know they are being observed.
Observers' presence can influence subject's behavior rather than merely the experimental variable
or treatment modality.
,Unobtrusive measure correct answers When subjects are not aware that they are being measured.
Internal vailidty correct answers when an experimental has few flaws and thus findings are
accurate. The IV caused the changes in the DV, not some other factor (known as confounding
extraneous variables or artifacts). When internal vaility is low the researcher didn't measure what
he thought he measured.
External validity correct answers it is high when the results in a study can be generalized to other
settings.
A t test correct answers a popular parametric test for comparing two means.
ANOVA or analysis of variance correct answers Also called a one-way ANOVA. used when you
have two or means to compare. The t test and the ANOVA are parametric measures for normally
distributed populations. The ANOVA provides F values and the F test will tell you if significant
differences are present.
MANOVA correct answers Used when you are investigating more than one DV>
A factorail analysis of variance correct answers When you are investigating more than one
IV/experimental variable (if you have two IVs it would be called a two-way ANOVA three IVs a
three way ANOVA.)
Chi square correct answers if the population is not necessarily normal then this nonparametric
test is used. or a Kruskal-wallace can be used.
Ex post facto or causal comparative design correct answers if the researcher did not manipulate
the variable and you are looing at after the fact data, the the research is not a true experiment.
Descriptive statistics correct answers statistics that describe central tendency like the mean,
median, the mode, the range, quartiles, the variance and the standard deviation.
, Statistical analyses correct answers include correlation, coefficients, t tests, ANOVAs, Analusis
of Covariance, Chi square, Krushal Wallis
Cohort studies correct answers examine a group of people who have something in common
Longitudinal research correct answers tkaes place when the same individuals are evaluated over
a period of time.
Cross-sectional research correct answers Relies on observation or data from a given point in
time.
Formative evaluation correct answers takes place during treatmetn or while a program is going
on while summative or outcomes evaluations occurs at the end of a program or treatment (e.g.
after the final session of counseling)
Between groups design correct answers Uses different subjects in the different groups (e.g. one
group of subjects for the control group and another group of subjects for the experimental group)
Within groups repeated measures design correct answers uses the same subjects for the control
condition and then at a different time for the IV/experimental conditions.
Scope of practice correct answers implies that you only practice if you are adequately trained in a
given area or with a given population.
A counselor's duty to warn correct answers Based on the Tarasoff case. This principle now states
that if a client is going to harm him or herself, somebody else, or both, you will break
confidenctiality and contact the appropriate people (the police, the target person) to ward off this
tragedy.
