CPCE Exam: Social & Cultural Diversity || Guaranteed Pass.
Culture correct answers the human experience mediated by biological, psychological, historical,
and political events; includes behaviors, attitudes, feelings, and cognitions related to our
identities living within the word
Universal, Group, and Individual correct answers 3 levels of culture
Cultural Encapsulation correct answers Occurs when the dominant cultural view is regarded in
counseling as more important than minority values; can lead to a counselor imposing goals from
their own culture on people from another culture
Multicultural Counseling correct answers the integration of cultural identities w/i the counseling
process
Cultural identity correct answers the degree to which individuals identify belonging to subgroups
of various cultural groups or categories
Counseling Timeline: 1960s/1970s correct answers Scholars brought multicultural awareness
into the field of mental health and counseling
William Cross, Jr., 1970s correct answers Developed one of the first racial identity development
models, the "Cross Nigrescence Model"
C. Gilbert Wrenn correct answers author of 1962's The Culturally Encapsulated Counselor
Tripartite Model of Multicultural Counseling correct answers involves three components:
awareness (e.g. self-awareness of values and biases), knowledge (understanding of client's
worldview), and skills (intervention in a culturally appropriate manner)
Etic correct answers viewing a culture from an outsider's point of view
,Emic Perspective correct answers insider's perspective; viewing from inside
High-Context Communication correct answers type of nonverbal communication: involves
relying on factors other than explicit speech to convey a message; inference, implying, delivering
nonverbal cues to relay message
Low-Context Communication correct answers type of nonverbal communication: individuals
communicating primarily verbally
Paralanguage correct answers type of nonverbal communication: refers to verbal cues other than
words; (volume, tempo, prolongation of sound, disfluencies, and pitch)
Kinesics correct answers type of nonverbal communication: involves postures, body movements,
and positions; i.e. facial expressions, eye contact and gazes, and touch.
Chronemics correct answers type of nonverbal communication: how individuals conceptualize
and act toward time (monochromatic/polychromatic time)
Monochromatic Time correct answers refers to an orientation toward time in a linear fashion
(schedules, advanced planning of activities)
Polychromatic Time correct answers refers to the value of time as secondary to relationships
among people
Proxemics correct answers type of nonverbal communication: the use of personal physical
distance
Intimate distance, personal distance, social distance, and public distance correct answers 4
interpersonal distances "zones"
,Acculturation correct answers the process by which an individual makes sense of a host culture's
value system in relation to his or her own
assimilation model, separation model, integration model/biculturalism, marginalization model
correct answers four main models of acculturation
Assimilation Model correct answers model of acculturation - where highly acculturated
individuals identify solely with the new culture and adopt values and customs of the other, more
dominant group
Separation Model correct answers model of acculturation - individuals refuse to adapt to cultural
values outside of their own cultural values
Integration Model/Biculturalism correct answers model of acculturation; individuals identify
with both their own culture and that of the host culture
Marginalization Model correct answers model of acculturation; individuals reject the cultural
values and customs of both cultures
Worldview correct answers individuals' conceptualization of their relationship with the world
Locus of Responsibility correct answers the focus of responsibility for one's position in life, be it
internal feelings of responsibility or external, societal responsibility
Internal Locus of Responsibility correct answers refers to the idea that success or failure is
viewed as an individual's own doing and is thus the result of individual systems
External Locus of Responsibility correct answers refers to the notion that the social environment
or external system is responsible for what happens to individuals
, Locus of Control correct answers the degree of control individuals perceive they have over the
environment
Internal Locus of Control correct answers the belief that consequences are dependent on an
individual's actions
External Locus of Control correct answers the perception that chance or outside forces beyond
your personal control determine consequences
IR-IC; IR-EC; ER-IC; ER-EC correct answers 4 worldview combinations
Human nature; relationship to nature; Sense of time; activity; social relationships correct answers
5 components that integrate into various cultures to create unique cultural worldviews
Human Nature correct answers component of worldview; involves continuum that humans are
basically good, bad, or both good and bad
Relationship to Nature correct answers component of worldview; how individuals view the
power of nature: harmony with nature, power over nature, or power of nature.
Sense of Time correct answers component of worldview; Relates to what aspect of time
individuals focus on -- past, present, or future
Activity correct answers component of worldview; how self-expression occurs for individuals;
can include being, being-in-becoming, and doing
Social Relationships correct answers component of worldview; involve 3 categories that relate to
the degree of hierarchy and group focus within a culture: lineal-hierarchy, collateral-mutual, and
individualistic
Culture correct answers the human experience mediated by biological, psychological, historical,
and political events; includes behaviors, attitudes, feelings, and cognitions related to our
identities living within the word
Universal, Group, and Individual correct answers 3 levels of culture
Cultural Encapsulation correct answers Occurs when the dominant cultural view is regarded in
counseling as more important than minority values; can lead to a counselor imposing goals from
their own culture on people from another culture
Multicultural Counseling correct answers the integration of cultural identities w/i the counseling
process
Cultural identity correct answers the degree to which individuals identify belonging to subgroups
of various cultural groups or categories
Counseling Timeline: 1960s/1970s correct answers Scholars brought multicultural awareness
into the field of mental health and counseling
William Cross, Jr., 1970s correct answers Developed one of the first racial identity development
models, the "Cross Nigrescence Model"
C. Gilbert Wrenn correct answers author of 1962's The Culturally Encapsulated Counselor
Tripartite Model of Multicultural Counseling correct answers involves three components:
awareness (e.g. self-awareness of values and biases), knowledge (understanding of client's
worldview), and skills (intervention in a culturally appropriate manner)
Etic correct answers viewing a culture from an outsider's point of view
,Emic Perspective correct answers insider's perspective; viewing from inside
High-Context Communication correct answers type of nonverbal communication: involves
relying on factors other than explicit speech to convey a message; inference, implying, delivering
nonverbal cues to relay message
Low-Context Communication correct answers type of nonverbal communication: individuals
communicating primarily verbally
Paralanguage correct answers type of nonverbal communication: refers to verbal cues other than
words; (volume, tempo, prolongation of sound, disfluencies, and pitch)
Kinesics correct answers type of nonverbal communication: involves postures, body movements,
and positions; i.e. facial expressions, eye contact and gazes, and touch.
Chronemics correct answers type of nonverbal communication: how individuals conceptualize
and act toward time (monochromatic/polychromatic time)
Monochromatic Time correct answers refers to an orientation toward time in a linear fashion
(schedules, advanced planning of activities)
Polychromatic Time correct answers refers to the value of time as secondary to relationships
among people
Proxemics correct answers type of nonverbal communication: the use of personal physical
distance
Intimate distance, personal distance, social distance, and public distance correct answers 4
interpersonal distances "zones"
,Acculturation correct answers the process by which an individual makes sense of a host culture's
value system in relation to his or her own
assimilation model, separation model, integration model/biculturalism, marginalization model
correct answers four main models of acculturation
Assimilation Model correct answers model of acculturation - where highly acculturated
individuals identify solely with the new culture and adopt values and customs of the other, more
dominant group
Separation Model correct answers model of acculturation - individuals refuse to adapt to cultural
values outside of their own cultural values
Integration Model/Biculturalism correct answers model of acculturation; individuals identify
with both their own culture and that of the host culture
Marginalization Model correct answers model of acculturation; individuals reject the cultural
values and customs of both cultures
Worldview correct answers individuals' conceptualization of their relationship with the world
Locus of Responsibility correct answers the focus of responsibility for one's position in life, be it
internal feelings of responsibility or external, societal responsibility
Internal Locus of Responsibility correct answers refers to the idea that success or failure is
viewed as an individual's own doing and is thus the result of individual systems
External Locus of Responsibility correct answers refers to the notion that the social environment
or external system is responsible for what happens to individuals
, Locus of Control correct answers the degree of control individuals perceive they have over the
environment
Internal Locus of Control correct answers the belief that consequences are dependent on an
individual's actions
External Locus of Control correct answers the perception that chance or outside forces beyond
your personal control determine consequences
IR-IC; IR-EC; ER-IC; ER-EC correct answers 4 worldview combinations
Human nature; relationship to nature; Sense of time; activity; social relationships correct answers
5 components that integrate into various cultures to create unique cultural worldviews
Human Nature correct answers component of worldview; involves continuum that humans are
basically good, bad, or both good and bad
Relationship to Nature correct answers component of worldview; how individuals view the
power of nature: harmony with nature, power over nature, or power of nature.
Sense of Time correct answers component of worldview; Relates to what aspect of time
individuals focus on -- past, present, or future
Activity correct answers component of worldview; how self-expression occurs for individuals;
can include being, being-in-becoming, and doing
Social Relationships correct answers component of worldview; involve 3 categories that relate to
the degree of hierarchy and group focus within a culture: lineal-hierarchy, collateral-mutual, and
individualistic
