Clinical and Counseling Psychology Exam 4 (CLP3305) FSU || with
Certified Answers.
Name the researchers who paved the way to the behavioral approach to therapy. Describe their
contributions. correct answers 1920 - Watson & Rayner
Little Albert
Conditioned to fear whit rats.
(Found they could cue a behavior in dogs. Classical condition and training behavior.)
1924 - Mary Cover Jones
Demonstrated "reconditioning"
Learned fears can be removed!
Peter
Afraid of rabbits and other small animals
(Eventually his fear was gone. Could be linked to exposure therapy as in exposing to fears can
help you get over them.)
1950s - B.F. Skinner
Operant Conditioning
Behavior is modified by its consequences
Reinforcers (increase) behaviors.
Punishments (decrease) behaviors.
Describe the traditional techniques of behavior therapy. correct answers May use:
Different techniques for different patients.
Multiple different techniques for the same patient.
-Systematic Desensitization
,-(Progressive Muscle Relaxation)
-Exposure
-Aversion Therapy
-Contingency Management
-Behavior Rehearsal
What are the rationale, components, techniques, and goals of: Early Behavior Therapy? correct
answers -Theoretical underpinning was conditioning
-Ignored inner world/cognitions (thoughts) of the patient
-Goal: observable behavior change
--Unwanted behavior is the problem
(Unwanted behavior is the problem that needs fixing. Different than the ideas of looking at the
unconscious which can be difficult to measure. Behavior I s not a a symptom of something
deeper, it is just the behavior that is the problem. )
What is classical conditioning? correct answers a learning process that occurs when two stimuli
are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually
elicited by the first stimulus alone.
What is operant conditioning? correct answers Behavior is modified by its consequences
Reinforcers (increase) behaviors.
Punishments (decrease) behaviors.
What are the rationale, components, techniques, and goals of: Systematic Desensitization?
correct answers -A technique to reduce anxiety
-Rationale
--Reciprocal inhibition: one cannot be relaxed and anxious simultaneously
-Technique
--Pair relaxed state with feared stimulus
,(You have the client relax and gradually introduce anxiety stimuli over time until they become
numb or immune.)
Process:
-History, Data collection, Rationale for Treatment
(Purpose is to figure out reason for anxiety developed and what will be appropriate for treating it.
Selling the client on why it may be useful and what the evidence is of efficacy (ex. Explain to
client why facing fears is useful, so they understand).
-Progressive Muscle Relaxation
(Systematically tense and release diff muscles and then release over and over again in order to
help client realize when they are feeling tense in order to help the relax. This is incorporated into
several different treatments for anxiety.)
-Anxiety Hierarchy (imaginal) (last step)
If client becomes anxious, must stop imaginal exposure and continue when the client is relaxed
again.
Over several sessions, client gets to a point where they can imagine highest point on hierarchy
without experiencing anxiety.
What is in vivo exposure? correct answers -Repeated "exposure" to avoided places/events
-Practice in session and at home
-Learn to tolerate these experiences
(Hierarchy example:
Drive on interstate alone (HARD)
Drive on interstate with family
Hyperventilate in Target alone
Go to Target alone
, Go to Target with family member (EASY))
What is interoceptive exposure? correct answers Repeated "exposure" to physical symptoms
Practice in session and at home
WHY?
Learn to tolerate these experiences
(Expose them of feelings of panic outside of having a panic attack, and help them learn to
tolerate those experiences.)
(you can also make a hierarchy for this too starting easy at standing up quickly (dizziness) to
running in place for 5 min (heart rate). All of these thinks will invoke symptoms of a panic
attack.)
* What is an example of an Anxiety Hierarchy- Imaginal? correct answers -Imagine: Holding a
snake (100)
-Imagine: Standing near someone holding snake(90)
-...(many others in between)...
-Imagine: Seeing small snake in a cage (45)
-Imagine: Standing outside reptile house at zoo (35)
(Goes from least scary thing (bottom) to most scary thing (top).
Person ranks fear from lowest to highest and then this is done.
These exposures are imagine, which means imagining in head not doing it in real life. Therapist
describes the scene during this process so that they can be relaxed and get to the highest point
without experiencing any anxiety.)
What are the rationale, components, techniques, and goals of: Exposure Therapy? correct
answers -Client exposes him/herself to stimuli
or situations that are feared and
avoided (facing your fears!)
-Rationale
Certified Answers.
Name the researchers who paved the way to the behavioral approach to therapy. Describe their
contributions. correct answers 1920 - Watson & Rayner
Little Albert
Conditioned to fear whit rats.
(Found they could cue a behavior in dogs. Classical condition and training behavior.)
1924 - Mary Cover Jones
Demonstrated "reconditioning"
Learned fears can be removed!
Peter
Afraid of rabbits and other small animals
(Eventually his fear was gone. Could be linked to exposure therapy as in exposing to fears can
help you get over them.)
1950s - B.F. Skinner
Operant Conditioning
Behavior is modified by its consequences
Reinforcers (increase) behaviors.
Punishments (decrease) behaviors.
Describe the traditional techniques of behavior therapy. correct answers May use:
Different techniques for different patients.
Multiple different techniques for the same patient.
-Systematic Desensitization
,-(Progressive Muscle Relaxation)
-Exposure
-Aversion Therapy
-Contingency Management
-Behavior Rehearsal
What are the rationale, components, techniques, and goals of: Early Behavior Therapy? correct
answers -Theoretical underpinning was conditioning
-Ignored inner world/cognitions (thoughts) of the patient
-Goal: observable behavior change
--Unwanted behavior is the problem
(Unwanted behavior is the problem that needs fixing. Different than the ideas of looking at the
unconscious which can be difficult to measure. Behavior I s not a a symptom of something
deeper, it is just the behavior that is the problem. )
What is classical conditioning? correct answers a learning process that occurs when two stimuli
are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually
elicited by the first stimulus alone.
What is operant conditioning? correct answers Behavior is modified by its consequences
Reinforcers (increase) behaviors.
Punishments (decrease) behaviors.
What are the rationale, components, techniques, and goals of: Systematic Desensitization?
correct answers -A technique to reduce anxiety
-Rationale
--Reciprocal inhibition: one cannot be relaxed and anxious simultaneously
-Technique
--Pair relaxed state with feared stimulus
,(You have the client relax and gradually introduce anxiety stimuli over time until they become
numb or immune.)
Process:
-History, Data collection, Rationale for Treatment
(Purpose is to figure out reason for anxiety developed and what will be appropriate for treating it.
Selling the client on why it may be useful and what the evidence is of efficacy (ex. Explain to
client why facing fears is useful, so they understand).
-Progressive Muscle Relaxation
(Systematically tense and release diff muscles and then release over and over again in order to
help client realize when they are feeling tense in order to help the relax. This is incorporated into
several different treatments for anxiety.)
-Anxiety Hierarchy (imaginal) (last step)
If client becomes anxious, must stop imaginal exposure and continue when the client is relaxed
again.
Over several sessions, client gets to a point where they can imagine highest point on hierarchy
without experiencing anxiety.
What is in vivo exposure? correct answers -Repeated "exposure" to avoided places/events
-Practice in session and at home
-Learn to tolerate these experiences
(Hierarchy example:
Drive on interstate alone (HARD)
Drive on interstate with family
Hyperventilate in Target alone
Go to Target alone
, Go to Target with family member (EASY))
What is interoceptive exposure? correct answers Repeated "exposure" to physical symptoms
Practice in session and at home
WHY?
Learn to tolerate these experiences
(Expose them of feelings of panic outside of having a panic attack, and help them learn to
tolerate those experiences.)
(you can also make a hierarchy for this too starting easy at standing up quickly (dizziness) to
running in place for 5 min (heart rate). All of these thinks will invoke symptoms of a panic
attack.)
* What is an example of an Anxiety Hierarchy- Imaginal? correct answers -Imagine: Holding a
snake (100)
-Imagine: Standing near someone holding snake(90)
-...(many others in between)...
-Imagine: Seeing small snake in a cage (45)
-Imagine: Standing outside reptile house at zoo (35)
(Goes from least scary thing (bottom) to most scary thing (top).
Person ranks fear from lowest to highest and then this is done.
These exposures are imagine, which means imagining in head not doing it in real life. Therapist
describes the scene during this process so that they can be relaxed and get to the highest point
without experiencing any anxiety.)
What are the rationale, components, techniques, and goals of: Exposure Therapy? correct
answers -Client exposes him/herself to stimuli
or situations that are feared and
avoided (facing your fears!)
-Rationale
