FPCC – Exam 2 – 2026 – Study Guide and Review Material
Pharmacokinetics - correct answer ✔✔ ADME, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion.
What happens to the drug inside of the body
5 factors that affect absorption - correct answer ✔✔ Route, ability to dissolve, Blood flow, body
SA, lipid solubility
5 factors that affect distribution - correct answer ✔✔ circulation, membrane permeability,
protein binding, ....
Metabolism - correct answer ✔✔ - biotransformation, the change of a drug from its original
form to a new form. (active or inactive)
What happens to a drug in the body when metabolism is altered? - correct answer ✔✔
Medication accumulation which leads to toxicity
Which organ is usually responsible for most drug metabolism? Which patients would you watch
most closely for abnormal drug responses related to metabolism? - correct answer ✔✔ The
Liver.
Neonates, Geriatrics, Anyone with a liver condition or a condition that impairs metabolism in
anyway.
Which organ is most typically associated with drug excretion? - correct answer ✔✔ The Kidneys.
What happens if the organs function declines? - correct answer ✔✔ Inability to secrete excess
drugs. Drug toxicity
,Which patients need close monitoring for proper drug excretion? - correct answer ✔✔
Neonates, Geriatrics, Anyone with a Kidney condition or a condition that impairs Excretion in
anyway.
Therapeutic Effect - correct answer ✔✔ The desired or intended effect of a particular
medication.
Side Effect - correct answer ✔✔ predictable unavoidable responses, secondary effects
Adverse effects - correct answer ✔✔ unintended, undesirable, unpredictable
Toxic effect - correct answer ✔✔ Accumulation of medicine. Can be lethal
Idiosyncratic reactions - correct answer ✔✔ Reaction different from normal
Allergic reactions - correct answer ✔✔ unpredictable responses to medication
Anaphylactic reactions - correct answer ✔✔ severe allergic reactions, can be life threatening
Rash - correct answer ✔✔ small raised vesicles usually reddened distributed over the body
Pruritus - correct answer ✔✔ itching of skin accompanied by rashes
rhinitis - correct answer ✔✔ inflammation of mucous membranes lining the nose, clear watery
discharge
,urticaria - correct answer ✔✔ raised irregular shaped skin, size, shape, reddened margins, pale
centers
Medication interactions - correct answer ✔✔ one medication modifies the action of another
Synergistic effects - correct answer ✔✔ Combined effect is greater than the effects of
medications given separately
When would be a good scenario when synergism would be a good thing? When would is be a
bad thing? - correct answer ✔✔ Patient with high blood pressure takes vasodilators and
diuretics.
Patient taking narcotics and drinking alcohol.
What range can medication move into if you give your patients medication too early? Too late? -
correct answer ✔✔ Toxic levels, Minimum effective concentration or below which would elicit
no effect.
Therapeutic Index - correct answer ✔✔
Half-Life - correct answer ✔✔ The time it takes for one-half of the medication to disappear from
the body. Affected by renal (excretion) and hepatic (breakdown) status. Correlates with duration
of action. The lesser frequency of dosing, the greater the half-life.
The 3 types of Oral routes - correct answer ✔✔ Sublingual, Buccal, Oral(actually swallowing)
Intradermal - correct answer ✔✔ injection into the dermis just under the epidermis(15 degrees)
Subcutaneous - correct answer ✔✔ Into fat tissue under dermis of skin(45-90 degrees)
, Intramuscular - correct answer ✔✔ into the muscle (90 degrees)
Intravenous - correct answer ✔✔ into the vein
Where is an Epidural given? - correct answer ✔✔ In the epidural spine in the spine via catheter
Where is an Intrathecal given? - correct answer ✔✔ through a catheter placed in the
subarachnoid space in the Brain
Where is an Intraosseous given? - correct answer ✔✔ Infusion directly into the blood marrow
Where is an intraperitoneal given? - correct answer ✔✔ Administered in peritoneal cavity
Where is an Intrapleural given? - correct answer ✔✔ into the pleural space via syringe, needle,
test tube (between lungs and chest)
Where is an Intracardiac given? - correct answer ✔✔ Directly in the cardaic tissue
Where is an Intraarticular given? - correct answer ✔✔ Directly into the joint
Chemical name of a Drug - correct answer ✔✔ The chemical composition
Generic Name - correct answer ✔✔ The name the manufacturer gives
Trade name - correct answer ✔✔ The name the given to market and sell the drug
Pharmacokinetics - correct answer ✔✔ ADME, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion.
What happens to the drug inside of the body
5 factors that affect absorption - correct answer ✔✔ Route, ability to dissolve, Blood flow, body
SA, lipid solubility
5 factors that affect distribution - correct answer ✔✔ circulation, membrane permeability,
protein binding, ....
Metabolism - correct answer ✔✔ - biotransformation, the change of a drug from its original
form to a new form. (active or inactive)
What happens to a drug in the body when metabolism is altered? - correct answer ✔✔
Medication accumulation which leads to toxicity
Which organ is usually responsible for most drug metabolism? Which patients would you watch
most closely for abnormal drug responses related to metabolism? - correct answer ✔✔ The
Liver.
Neonates, Geriatrics, Anyone with a liver condition or a condition that impairs metabolism in
anyway.
Which organ is most typically associated with drug excretion? - correct answer ✔✔ The Kidneys.
What happens if the organs function declines? - correct answer ✔✔ Inability to secrete excess
drugs. Drug toxicity
,Which patients need close monitoring for proper drug excretion? - correct answer ✔✔
Neonates, Geriatrics, Anyone with a Kidney condition or a condition that impairs Excretion in
anyway.
Therapeutic Effect - correct answer ✔✔ The desired or intended effect of a particular
medication.
Side Effect - correct answer ✔✔ predictable unavoidable responses, secondary effects
Adverse effects - correct answer ✔✔ unintended, undesirable, unpredictable
Toxic effect - correct answer ✔✔ Accumulation of medicine. Can be lethal
Idiosyncratic reactions - correct answer ✔✔ Reaction different from normal
Allergic reactions - correct answer ✔✔ unpredictable responses to medication
Anaphylactic reactions - correct answer ✔✔ severe allergic reactions, can be life threatening
Rash - correct answer ✔✔ small raised vesicles usually reddened distributed over the body
Pruritus - correct answer ✔✔ itching of skin accompanied by rashes
rhinitis - correct answer ✔✔ inflammation of mucous membranes lining the nose, clear watery
discharge
,urticaria - correct answer ✔✔ raised irregular shaped skin, size, shape, reddened margins, pale
centers
Medication interactions - correct answer ✔✔ one medication modifies the action of another
Synergistic effects - correct answer ✔✔ Combined effect is greater than the effects of
medications given separately
When would be a good scenario when synergism would be a good thing? When would is be a
bad thing? - correct answer ✔✔ Patient with high blood pressure takes vasodilators and
diuretics.
Patient taking narcotics and drinking alcohol.
What range can medication move into if you give your patients medication too early? Too late? -
correct answer ✔✔ Toxic levels, Minimum effective concentration or below which would elicit
no effect.
Therapeutic Index - correct answer ✔✔
Half-Life - correct answer ✔✔ The time it takes for one-half of the medication to disappear from
the body. Affected by renal (excretion) and hepatic (breakdown) status. Correlates with duration
of action. The lesser frequency of dosing, the greater the half-life.
The 3 types of Oral routes - correct answer ✔✔ Sublingual, Buccal, Oral(actually swallowing)
Intradermal - correct answer ✔✔ injection into the dermis just under the epidermis(15 degrees)
Subcutaneous - correct answer ✔✔ Into fat tissue under dermis of skin(45-90 degrees)
, Intramuscular - correct answer ✔✔ into the muscle (90 degrees)
Intravenous - correct answer ✔✔ into the vein
Where is an Epidural given? - correct answer ✔✔ In the epidural spine in the spine via catheter
Where is an Intrathecal given? - correct answer ✔✔ through a catheter placed in the
subarachnoid space in the Brain
Where is an Intraosseous given? - correct answer ✔✔ Infusion directly into the blood marrow
Where is an intraperitoneal given? - correct answer ✔✔ Administered in peritoneal cavity
Where is an Intrapleural given? - correct answer ✔✔ into the pleural space via syringe, needle,
test tube (between lungs and chest)
Where is an Intracardiac given? - correct answer ✔✔ Directly in the cardaic tissue
Where is an Intraarticular given? - correct answer ✔✔ Directly into the joint
Chemical name of a Drug - correct answer ✔✔ The chemical composition
Generic Name - correct answer ✔✔ The name the manufacturer gives
Trade name - correct answer ✔✔ The name the given to market and sell the drug
