NMNC 1235 – Exam 1 – 2026 – Study Guide
and Practice Material
Skin - correct answer ✔✔ tattoos, piercings, scars, skin folds
Hair - correct answer ✔✔ thickness, distribution, color, quantity, etc.
Nevi - correct answer ✔✔ 10-40 on the body, rarely on breast, scalp, and buttocks
Nails - correct answer ✔✔ Color, configuration, symmetry, length, smoothness, shape, and
angle
Lesions - correct answer ✔✔ note size, shape, color, texture, elevation/depression, attachment,
drainage, odor, configuration, location, distribution
PERRLA - correct answer ✔✔ Pupils are Equal, Round, and React to Light and Accommodation
Weber - correct answer ✔✔ tuning fork assessment for hearing: placed on the top of the skull
(which ear is the sound heard louder?)
Rinne - correct answer ✔✔ tuning fork assessment to compare air conduction to bone
conduction (AC>BC by 2:1)
Lungs - correct answer ✔✔ note the pitch, intensity, quality, presence of unexpected breath
sounds, and duration
Bronchophony - correct answer ✔✔ increased loudness of spoken sounds
, Pectoriloquy - correct answer ✔✔ increased resonance, whisper heard clearly through the
stethoscope
Egophony - correct answer ✔✔ increased intensity of spoken sounds with a nasal quality
Bronchial sounds - correct answer ✔✔ auscultate over the trachea (high pitch/intensity)
Bronchovesicular sounds - correct answer ✔✔ auscultate over the bronchi (moderate
pitch/intensity)
Vesicular sounds - correct answer ✔✔ auscultate over the lung fields (low pitch/intensity)
Dyspnea - correct answer ✔✔ increased respiratory effort
Orthopnea - correct answer ✔✔ difficulty breathing when supine
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - correct answer ✔✔ sudden onset of dyspnea that abruptly
awakens the patient
platypnea - correct answer ✔✔ shortness of breath relieved by lying down
tachypnea - correct answer ✔✔ faster than 20 breaths per minute, shallow breaths
hypernpnea - correct answer ✔✔ faster than 20 breaths per minute, deep breaths, use of
accessory muscles, retractions
and Practice Material
Skin - correct answer ✔✔ tattoos, piercings, scars, skin folds
Hair - correct answer ✔✔ thickness, distribution, color, quantity, etc.
Nevi - correct answer ✔✔ 10-40 on the body, rarely on breast, scalp, and buttocks
Nails - correct answer ✔✔ Color, configuration, symmetry, length, smoothness, shape, and
angle
Lesions - correct answer ✔✔ note size, shape, color, texture, elevation/depression, attachment,
drainage, odor, configuration, location, distribution
PERRLA - correct answer ✔✔ Pupils are Equal, Round, and React to Light and Accommodation
Weber - correct answer ✔✔ tuning fork assessment for hearing: placed on the top of the skull
(which ear is the sound heard louder?)
Rinne - correct answer ✔✔ tuning fork assessment to compare air conduction to bone
conduction (AC>BC by 2:1)
Lungs - correct answer ✔✔ note the pitch, intensity, quality, presence of unexpected breath
sounds, and duration
Bronchophony - correct answer ✔✔ increased loudness of spoken sounds
, Pectoriloquy - correct answer ✔✔ increased resonance, whisper heard clearly through the
stethoscope
Egophony - correct answer ✔✔ increased intensity of spoken sounds with a nasal quality
Bronchial sounds - correct answer ✔✔ auscultate over the trachea (high pitch/intensity)
Bronchovesicular sounds - correct answer ✔✔ auscultate over the bronchi (moderate
pitch/intensity)
Vesicular sounds - correct answer ✔✔ auscultate over the lung fields (low pitch/intensity)
Dyspnea - correct answer ✔✔ increased respiratory effort
Orthopnea - correct answer ✔✔ difficulty breathing when supine
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - correct answer ✔✔ sudden onset of dyspnea that abruptly
awakens the patient
platypnea - correct answer ✔✔ shortness of breath relieved by lying down
tachypnea - correct answer ✔✔ faster than 20 breaths per minute, shallow breaths
hypernpnea - correct answer ✔✔ faster than 20 breaths per minute, deep breaths, use of
accessory muscles, retractions
