Criminal Justice: An Introduction – Frank
Schmalleger (14th Edition), Solutions
Manual & Test Bank | Package Deal
crime - answers-Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a local, state or federal
government.
individual rights - answers-The rights guaranteed to all members of American society by the U.S.
Constitution. These rights are especially important to criminal defendants facing formal
processing by the criminal justice system.
individual rights advocate - answers-One who seeks to protect personal freedoms within the
process of criminal justice.
public order advocate - answers-One who believes that under certain circumstances involving a
criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual
rights.
social justice - answers-An idea that embraces all aspects of civilizes life and that is linked to
fundamental notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong.
criminal justice - answers-In the strictest sense, the criminal (penal) law, the law of criminal
procedure and the array of procedures and activities having to do with the enforcement of this
body of law. Criminal justice cannot be separated from social justice because the kind of justice
enacted in our nation's criminal courts is a reflection of basic American understandings of right
and wrong.
1
, civil justice - answers-The civil law, the law of civil procedure and the array of procedures and
activities having to do with private rights and remedies sought by civil action. Civil justice cannot
be separated from social justice because the kind of justice enacted in our nation's civil courts is
a reflection of basic American understandings of right and wrong.
justice - answers-The principle of fairness; the idea of moral equity
criminal justice system - answers-The aggregate (the sum of all parts) of all operating,
administrative and technical support agencies that perform criminal justice functions. The basic
divisions of the operational aspects of criminal justice are law enforcement, courts and
corrections.
consensus model - answers-A criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system's sub
components work together harmoniously to achieve the social product we call justice.
conflict model - answers-A criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system's
subcomponents function primarily to serve their own interests. According to this theoretical
framework, justice is more a product of conflicts among agencies within the system than it is
the result of cooperation among component agencies
probable cause - answers-A set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably
intelligent and prudent person to believe that a particular person has committed a specific
crime. Also, reasonable grounds to make or believe an accusation. Probable cause refers to the
necessary level of belief that would allow for police arrests of individuals and conduct searches
of dwelling, vehicles and possessions
warrant - answers-A writ issued by a judicial officer to direct a law enforcement officer to
perform a specified act and to afford protection from damages if he or she performs it
Miranda decision - answers-A decision by the United States Supreme Court concerning the
rights of persons in police custody. In the case of Miranda versus Arizona, in 1966, the Court
2
Schmalleger (14th Edition), Solutions
Manual & Test Bank | Package Deal
crime - answers-Conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a local, state or federal
government.
individual rights - answers-The rights guaranteed to all members of American society by the U.S.
Constitution. These rights are especially important to criminal defendants facing formal
processing by the criminal justice system.
individual rights advocate - answers-One who seeks to protect personal freedoms within the
process of criminal justice.
public order advocate - answers-One who believes that under certain circumstances involving a
criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual
rights.
social justice - answers-An idea that embraces all aspects of civilizes life and that is linked to
fundamental notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong.
criminal justice - answers-In the strictest sense, the criminal (penal) law, the law of criminal
procedure and the array of procedures and activities having to do with the enforcement of this
body of law. Criminal justice cannot be separated from social justice because the kind of justice
enacted in our nation's criminal courts is a reflection of basic American understandings of right
and wrong.
1
, civil justice - answers-The civil law, the law of civil procedure and the array of procedures and
activities having to do with private rights and remedies sought by civil action. Civil justice cannot
be separated from social justice because the kind of justice enacted in our nation's civil courts is
a reflection of basic American understandings of right and wrong.
justice - answers-The principle of fairness; the idea of moral equity
criminal justice system - answers-The aggregate (the sum of all parts) of all operating,
administrative and technical support agencies that perform criminal justice functions. The basic
divisions of the operational aspects of criminal justice are law enforcement, courts and
corrections.
consensus model - answers-A criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system's sub
components work together harmoniously to achieve the social product we call justice.
conflict model - answers-A criminal justice perspective that assumes that the system's
subcomponents function primarily to serve their own interests. According to this theoretical
framework, justice is more a product of conflicts among agencies within the system than it is
the result of cooperation among component agencies
probable cause - answers-A set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably
intelligent and prudent person to believe that a particular person has committed a specific
crime. Also, reasonable grounds to make or believe an accusation. Probable cause refers to the
necessary level of belief that would allow for police arrests of individuals and conduct searches
of dwelling, vehicles and possessions
warrant - answers-A writ issued by a judicial officer to direct a law enforcement officer to
perform a specified act and to afford protection from damages if he or she performs it
Miranda decision - answers-A decision by the United States Supreme Court concerning the
rights of persons in police custody. In the case of Miranda versus Arizona, in 1966, the Court
2
